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作者：Andrabi, Tahir; Das, Jishnu; Khwaja, Asim Ijaz; Zajonc, Tristan
作者单位：The World Bank; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Claremont Colleges; Pomona College
摘要：This paper illustrates the central role of persistence in estimating and interpreting value-added models of learning. Using data from Pakistani public and private schools, we apply dynamic panel methods that address three key empirical challenges: imperfect persistence, unobserved heterogeneity, and measurement error. Our estimates suggest that only one-fifth to one-half of learning persists between grades and that private schools increase average achievement by 0.25 standard deviations each y...
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作者：Dobbie, Will; Fryer, Roland G., Jr.
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Harlem Children's Zone (HCZ), an ambitious social experiment, combines community programs with charter schools. We provide the first empirical test of the causal impact of HCZ charters on educational outcomes. Both lottery and instrumental variable identification strategies suggest that the effects of attending an HCZ middle school are enough to close the black-white achievement gap in mathematics. The effects in elementary school are large enough to close the racial achievement gap in both ma...
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作者：Attanasio, Orazio; Kugler, Adriana; Meghir, Costas
作者单位：University of London; University College London; National Bureau of Economic Research; Georgetown University; Yale University
摘要：This paper evaluates the impact of a randomized training program for disadvantaged youth introduced in Colombia in 2005. This randomized trial offers a unique opportunity to examine the impact of training in a middle income country. We use originally collected data on individuals randomly offered and not offered training. The program raises earnings and employment for women. Women offered training earn 19.6 percent more and have a 0.068 higher probability of paid employment than those not offe...
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作者：Jackson, C. Kirabo; Schneider, Henry S.
作者单位：Northwestern University; Cornell University
摘要：This study investigates the role of social networks in aligning the incentives of agents in settings with incomplete contracts. Specifically, the study examines the New York City taxi industry where taxis are often leased and lessee-drivers have worse driving outcomes than owner-drivers due to moral hazard. Using within-driver variation and instrumental variable strategies to remove selection, we find that drivers leasing from members of their country-of-birth community exhibit significantly r...
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作者：Abramitzky, Ran; Delavande, Adeline; Vasconcelos, Luis
作者单位：Stanford University; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; RAND Corporation; Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：We assemble a novel dataset to study the impact of male scarcity on marital assortative matching and other marriage market outcomes using the large shock that WWI caused to the number of French men. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that postwar in regions with higher mortality rates: men were less likely to marry women of lower social classes; men were more likely and women less likely to marry; out-of-wedlock births increased; divorce rates decreased; and the age gap decrea...
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作者：Cortes, Patricia; Tessada, Jose
作者单位：Boston University; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：Low-skilled immigrants represent a significant fraction of employment in services that are close substitutes of household production. This paper studies whether the increased supply of low-skilled immigrants has led high-skilled women, who have the highest opportunity cost of time, to change their time-use decisions. Exploiting cross-city variation in immigrant concentration, we find that low-skilled immigration increases average hours of market work and the probability of working long hours o...
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作者：Doyle, Joseph J., Jr.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Health care spending varies widely across markets, and previous research finds little evidence that higher spending translates into better health outcomes. The main innovation in this paper exploits this cross-sectional variation in hospital spending in a new way by considering emergency patients who are exposed to healthcare systems when they are far from home. Visitors to Florida who become ill in high-spending areas have significantly lower mortality rates compared to visitors in lower spen...
