-
作者：Lavy, Victor; Schlosser, Analia
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of London; National Bureau of Economic Research; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We present in this paper evidence about the effects and mechanisms of gender peer effects in elementary, middle, and high schools. For identification, we rely on idiosyncratic variations in gender composition across adjacent cohorts within the same schools. We find that an increase in the proportion of girls improves boys and girls' cognitive outcomes. These academic gains are mediated through lower levels of classroom disruption and violence, improved inter-student and student-teacher relatio...
-
作者：Hsieh, Chang-Tai; Miguel, Edward; Ortega, Daniel; Rodriguez, Francisco
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Institute of Advanced Studies in Administration (IESA)
摘要：In 2004, the Hugo Chavez regime in Venezuela distributed the list of several million voters who had attempted to remove him from office throughout the government bureaucracy, allegedly to identify and punish these voters. We match the list of petition signers distributed by the government to household survey respondents to measure the economic effects of being identified as a Chavez political opponent. We find that voters who were identified as Chavez opponents experienced a 5 percent drop in ...
-
作者：Angrist, Joshua D.; Chen, Stacey H.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Academia Sinica - Taiwan
摘要：Draft-lottery estimates of the causal effects of Vietnam-era military service using 2000 census data show marked schooling gains for veterans. We argue that these gains can be attributed to Vietnam veterans' use of the GI Bill rather than draft avoidance behavior. At the same time, draft lottery estimates of the earnings consequences of Vietnam-era service are close to zero in 2000. The earnings and schooling results can be reconciled by a flattening of the age-earnings profile in middle age a...
-
作者：Aslund, Olof; Edin, Per-Anders; Fredriksson, Peter; Gronqvist, Hans
作者单位：Uppsala University; Stockholm University; Stockholm University
摘要：We examine to what extent immigrant school performance is affected by the characteristics of the neighborhoods that they grow up in. We address this issue using a refugee placement policy that provides exogenous variation in the initial place of residence in Sweden. The main result is that school performance is increasing in the number of highly educated adults sharing the subject's ethnicity. A standard deviation increase in the fraction of high-educated in the assigned neighborhood raises co...
-
作者：Deaton, Angus; Dupriez, Olivier
作者单位：Princeton University; The World Bank
摘要：The global poverty count uses a common global poverty line, often referred to as the dollar-a-day line, currently $1.25 at 2005 international prices, whose construction and application depends on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates for consumption. The price indexes that underlie the PPPs used for this purpose are constructed for purposes of national income accounting, using weights that represent patterns of aggregate consumption, not the consumption patterns of the global poor. We u...
-
作者：Galiani, Sebastian; Rossi, Martin A.; Schargrodsky, Ernesto
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Universidad de San Andres Argentina; Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
摘要：We estimate the causal effect of mandatory participation in military service on individuals' subsequent involvement in criminal activities. To identify this causal effect, we exploit the random assignment of young men to conscription in Argentina through a draft lottery. Using a dataset that includes draft eligibility, participation in military service, and criminal records, we find that conscription increases the likelihood of developing a criminal record. The effects are significant not only...
