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作者：Barcellos, Silvia Helena; Carvalho, Leandro S.; Lleras-Muney, Adriana
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Previous research has not always found that boys and girls are treated differently in rural India. However estimates of the effect of gender on parental investments could be biased if girls end up in larger families due to son-biased stopping rules. Using a novel identification strategy that exploits that gender at conception is random, we document that boys receive more childcare time than girls, they are breastfed longer and they get more vitamin supplementation. Compared to other developing...
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作者：Collins, William J.; Wanamaker, Marianne H.
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Tennessee System; University of Tennessee Knoxville
摘要：The onset of World War I spurred the Great Migration of African Americans from the US South, arguably the most important internal migration in US history. We create a new panel dataset of more than 5,000 men matched from the 1910 to 1930 census manuscripts to address three interconnected questions: To what extent was there selection into migration? How large were the migrants' gains? Did migration narrow the racial gap in economic status? We find evidence of positive selection, but the migrant...
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作者：Hendel, Igal; Spiegel, Yossi
作者单位：Northwestern University; Tel Aviv University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：We document the evolution of productivity in a steel mini mill with fixed capital, producing an unchanged product with Leontief technology working 24/7. Despite-almost-unchanged production conditions, output doubled within the sample period (12 years). We decompose the gains into downtime reductions, more rounds of production per time, and more output per run. After attributing productivity gains to investment and an incentive plan, we are left with a large unexplained component. Learning by e...
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作者：Lundborg, Petter; Nilsson, Anton; Rooth, Dan-Olof
作者单位：Lund University; Lund University; Lund University; Linnaeus University
摘要：We use the Swedish compulsory school reform to estimate the causal effect of parental education on sons' outcomes. To this end, we use data from the Swedish military enlistment register on the entire population of males and consider outcomes, such as cognitive skills, noncognitive skills, and various dimensions of health at the age of 18. We find positive effects of maternal education on sons' skills and health status but no effects of paternal education. One reason behind this result may be t...
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作者：Hornbeck, Richard; Keskin, Pinar
作者单位：Harvard University; Wellesley College
摘要：Agriculture on the American Plains has been constrained historically by water scarcity. Post-WWII technologies enabled farmers over the Ogallala aquifer to extract groundwater for large-scale irrigation. Comparing counties over the Ogallala with nearby similar counties, groundwater access increased agricultural land values and initially reduced the impact of droughts. Over time, land use adjusted toward water intensive crops and drought sensitivity increased. Viewed differently, farmers in nea...
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作者：Wang, Yang
作者单位：Lafayette College
摘要：We set up a dynamic discrete choice model with subjective expectations data to explain adult smokers' smoking decisions. We find important differences between subjective survival probabilities and those estimated using observed mortality data. Subjectively, individuals attach less weight to their health conditions and smoking choices and more weight to such factors as age, race, and parents' longevity. Moreover, adult smokers are found to care more about their health and to be more forward-loo...
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作者：Figlio, David; Hart, Cassandra M. D.
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：We use the introduction of a means-tested voucher program in Florida to examine whether increased competitive pressure on public schools affects students' test scores. We find greater score improvements in the wake of the program introduction for students attending schools that faced more competitive private school markets prior to the policy announcement, especially those that faced the greatest financial incentives to retain students. These effects suggest modest benefits for public school s...
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作者：Decarolis, Francesco
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：This paper presents evidence on the perverse trade-off that first price auctions induce between low prices at the awarding stage and poor ex post performance when bids are not binding commitments. By exploiting the different timing with which first price auctions were introduced in Italy to procure public works, this study finds that at least half of the cost savings from lower winning prices are lost because of ex post renegotiation. Screening the lowest price bid for its responsiveness preve...
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作者：Ward, Courtney J.
作者单位：Dalhousie University
摘要：This paper estimates the overall impact and externality effects of an influenza vaccination program expanding coverage outside the typical target group. Using a triple-difference design, which exploits the introduction of a broad based vaccination program in Ontario and the quality of the vaccine from year to year, I link higher vaccination to health improvements. Results indicate coverage expansion leads to large excess gains for program-regions; benefits exhibit decreasing returns correspond...
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作者：Gruber, Jonathan; Hendren, Nathaniel; Townsend, Robert M.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper analyzes Thailand's 2001 healthcare reform, 30 Baht. The program increased funding available to hospitals to care for the poor and reduced copays to 30 Baht (similar to$0.75). Our estimates suggest the supply-side funding of the program increased healthcare utilization, especially among the poor. Moreover, we find significant impacts on infant mortality. Prior to 30 Baht, poorer provinces had significantly higher infant mortality rates than richer provinces. After 30 Baht, this corr...
