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作者：Fowlie, Meredith; Knittel, Christopher R.; Wolfram, Catherine
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：For political and practical reasons, environmental regulations sometimes treat point-source polluters, such as power plants, differently from mobile-source polluters, such as vehicles. This paper measures the extent of this regulatory asymmetry in the case of nitrogen oxides (NOx), the most recalcitrant criteria air pollutant in the United States. We find significant differences in marginal abatement costs across source types: the marginal cost of reducing NOx from cars is less than half the m...
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作者：Chen, Yihsu; Whalley, Alexander
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The transportation sector is a major source of air pollution worldwide, yet little is known about the effects of transportation infrastructure on air quality. This paper quantifies the effects of one major type of transportation infrastructure-urban rail transit-on air quality using the sharp discontinuity in ridership on opening day of a new rail transit system in Taipei. We find that the opening of the Metro reduced air pollution from one key tailpipe pollutant, carbon monoxide, by 5 to 15 p...
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作者：Gruber, Jonathan; Kleiner, Samuel A.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Cornell University
摘要：Hospitals now represent one of the largest union sectors of the US economy, and there is particular concern about the impact of strikes on patient welfare. We analyze the effects of nurses' strikes in hospitals on patient outcomes in New York State. Controlling for hospital specific heterogeneity, the results show that nurses' strikes increase in-hospital mortality by 18.3 percent and 30-day readmission by 5.7 percent for patients admitted during a strike, with little change in patient demogra...
