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作者：Garthwaite, Craig; Gross, Tal; Notowidigdo, Matthew J.
作者单位：Northwestern University; Boston University; Northwestern University
摘要：American hospitals are required to provide emergency medical care to the uninsured. We use previously confidential hospital financial data to study the resulting uncompensated care, medical care for which no payment is received. Using both panel-data methods and case studies, we find that each additional uninsured person costs hospitals approximately $800 each year. Increases in the uninsured population also lower hospital profit margins, suggesting that hospitals do not pass along all uncompe...
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作者：Baranov, Victoria; Kohler, Hans-Peter
作者单位：University of Melbourne; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Antiretroviral therapy (ART), a treatment for AIDS, is rapidly increasing life expectancy throughout sub-Saharan African countries affected by the AIDS epidemic. This change in life expectancy has potentially profound influences on life-cycle decisions. A longer life expectancy increases the value of human capital investment, while the effect on savings is theoretically ambiguous and life-cycle saving could increase or decrease. This paper uses spatial and temporal variation in ART availabilit...
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作者：Yakovlev, Evgeny
作者单位：New Economic School
摘要：Alcohol abuse is widely blamed for the very high rate of male mortality in Russia. I estimate a structural model of the demand for alcohol that incorporates two features of alcohol consumption, peer effects and habits. I use a kink in the policy regime of the excise tax on alcohol and regional variation in alcohol regulations to estimate a price elasticity of demand for alcohol. I find that peer influence and habits are critical determinants of the response of alcohol demand to price changes. ...
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作者：Erten, Bilge; Keskin, Pinar
作者单位：Wellesley College
摘要：We exploit a change in the compulsory schooling law in Turkey to estimate the causal effects of education on the prevalence of domestic violence. By adopting a regression discontinuity design, we find that the reform increased women's schooling by one year to one-and-a-half years and improved their labor market outcomes, with particularly strong effects for women raised in rural areas. The increase in education among rural women led to an increase in self-reported psychological violence and fi...
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作者：Lindo, Jason M.; Siminski, Peter; Swensen, Isaac D.
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; University of Technology Sydney
摘要：This paper considers the degree to which events that intensify partying increase sexual assault. Estimates are based on panel data from campus and local law enforcement agencies and an identification strategy that exploits plausibly random variation in the timing of Division 1 football games. The estimates indicate that these events increase daily reports of rape with 17-24-year-old victims by 28 percent. The effects are driven largely by 17-24-year-old offenders and by offenders unknown to th...
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作者：Enikolopov, Ruben; Petrova, Maria; Sonin, Konstantin
作者单位：ICREA; New Economic School; University of Chicago; HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics)
摘要：Does new media promote accountability in - nondemocratic countries, where offline media is often suppressed? We show that blog posts, which exposed corruption in Russian - state-controlled companies, had a negative causal impact on their market returns. For identification, we exploit the precise timing of blog posts by looking at - within-day results with - company-day fixed effects. Furthermore, we show that the posts are ultimately associated with higher management turnover and less minority...
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作者：Abdulkadiroglu, Atila; Pathak, Parag A.; Walters, Christopher R.
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：A central argument for school choice is that parents can choose schools wisely. This principle may underlie why lottery-based school evaluations have almost always reported positive or zero achievement effects. This paper reports on a striking counterexample to these results. We use randomized lotteries to evaluate the Louisiana Scholarship Program, a voucher plan that provides public funds for disadvantaged students to attend private schools. LSP participation lowers math scores by 0.4 standa...
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作者：Hedegaard, Morten Storling; Tyran, Jean-Robert
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Vienna; University of Copenhagen; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We present a new type of field experiment to investigate ethnic prejudice in the workplace. Our design allows us to study how potential discriminators respond to changes in the cost of discrimination. We find that ethnic discrimination is common but highly responsive to the price of prejudice, i.e., to the opportunity cost of choosing a less productive worker on ethnic grounds. Discriminators are on average willing to forego 8 percent of their earnings to avoid a coworker of the other ethnic t...
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作者：Aizer, Anna; Currie, Janet; Simon, Peter; Vivier, Patrick
作者单位：Brown University; Princeton University; Brown University; Brown University
摘要：We construct a unique individual-level dataset linking preschool blood lead levels with third grade test scores for Rhode Island children born 1997-2005. Using two identification strategies, we show for the first time that reductions of lead from even historically low levels have significant positive effects. A one-unit decrease in average blood lead levels reduces the probability of being substantially below proficient in reading (math) by 0.96 (0.79) percentage points on a baseline of 12 (16...
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作者：Gine, Xavier; Mansuri, Ghazala
作者单位：The World Bank; The World Bank
摘要：In many emerging democracies women are less likely to vote than men and, when they do vote, are likely to follow the wishes of male household and clan heads. We assess the impact of a voter awareness campaign on female turnout, candidate choice and party vote shares. Geographic clusters within villages were randomly assigned to treatment or control, and within treated clusters, some households were not targeted. Compared to women in control clusters, both targeted and untargeted women in treat...
