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作者：Mazumder, Bhashkar; Miller, Sarah
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：In this paper, we examine the effect of a major health care reform in Massachusetts on a broad set of financial outcomes using credit report data. We exploit variation in the impact of the reform across counties and age groups using pre-reform insurance coverage as a measure of the potential effect of the reform. We find that the reform reduced the amount of debt that was past due, improved credit scores, reduced personal bankruptcies and reduced third-party collections. Our results show that ...
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作者：Beetsma, Roel; Cukierman, Alex; Giuliodori, Massimo
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Reichman University; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We present legislative, historical and statistical evidence of a substantial upward ratchet in transfers and taxes in the US due to World War II. This finding is explained within a political-economy framework with defense spending responding to a war threat and a median voter in the population who interacts with a (richer) agenda setter in Congress in setting redistribution. While the setter managed to cap redistribution before the War, the War itself raised the status quo tax burden and impro...
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作者：Cotti, Chad; Nesson, Erik; Tefft, Nathan
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; Ball State University
摘要：We analyze the Nielsen Household Consumer Panel to estimate the effects of tobacco policies on tobacco-related purchases using within-household variation. We also match purchases to cigarette contents from NHANES. Higher cigarette taxes reduce cigarette purchases and increase smoking cessation product purchases, while estimates of smoking ban effects are less precisely estimated. Smokeless tobacco (SLT) taxes lead to reductions in SLT use but also lead to substitution among SLT products. We fi...
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作者：Bernheim, B. Douglas; Meer, Jonathan; Novarro, Neva K.
作者单位：Stanford University; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; Claremont Colleges; Pomona College
摘要：This paper provides evidence concerning the extent to which consumers of liquor employ commitment devices. One widely recommended commitment strategy is to regulate alcohol consumption by deliberately manipulating availability. The paper assesses the prevalence of the availability strategy by evaluating the effects of policies that would influence its effectiveness- specifically, changes in allowable Sunday sales hours. It finds that consumers increase their liquor consumption in response to ...
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作者：Triyana, Margaret
作者单位：Nanyang Technological University; University of Notre Dame
摘要：This paper exploits the subdistrict randomization of Indonesia's household Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) program to analyze how the program affects the local health care market. The CCT program is associated with increased use of midwives as the main delivery attendants. The program is also associated with a 10 percent increase in both the number of midwives and the delivery fees charged by midwives in treated communities. Program participants report receiving a higher quality of prenatal ca...
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作者：Inderbitzin, Lukas; Staubli, Stefan; Zweimueller, Josef
作者单位：University of St Gallen; University of Calgary; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We explore how extended unemployment insurance (UI) benefits for older workers affect early retirement and welfare. We argue that extending UI benefits generates program complementarity (more labor market exits and disability benefit take-up in the future) and program substitution (less disability benefit take-up in the present). Exploiting a policy change in Austria, which extended UI benefits to 4 years, we find program complementarity effects for workers aged 50+ and program substitution ef...
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作者：Krueger, Alan B.; Mueller, Andreas I.
作者单位：Princeton University; Columbia University
摘要：This paper provides evidence on the behavior of reservation wages over the spell of unemployment, using high-frequency longitudinal data on unemployed workers in New Jersey. In comparison to a calibrated job search model, the reservation wage starts out too high and declines too slowly, on average, suggesting that many workers persistently misjudge their prospects or anchor their reservation wage on their previous wage. The longitudinal nature of the data also allows for testing the relationsh...
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作者：Buchmueller, Thomas; Miller, Sarah; Vujicic, Marko
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This study evaluates how large changes in public health insurance coverage affect provider behavior and patient wait times by analyzing a common type of primary care: dental services. When states expand coverage of dental services to adult Medicaid beneficiaries, dentists' participation in Medicaid increases and dentists see more publicly insured patients. Dentists supply more visits but only modestly increase the amount of time spent working. They achieve this in part by making greater use of...
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作者：Shapiro, Joseph S.
作者单位：Yale University
摘要：This paper quantifies how international trade affects CO2 emissions and analyzes the welfare consequences of regulating the CO2 emissions from shipping. To this end, the paper describes a model of trade and the environment, compiles new data on the CO2 emissions from shipping, and estimates key parameters using panel data regressions. Results show that the benefits of international trade exceed trade's environmental costs due to CO2 emissions by two orders of magnitude. While proposed regional...
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作者：Gruber, Jonathan; McKnight, Robin
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Wellesley College
摘要：We investigate the impact of limited network insurance plans in the context of the Massachusetts Group Insurance Commission (GIC), the insurance plan for state employees. Our quasi-experimental analysis examines the introduction of a major financial incentive to choose limited network plans that affected a subset of GIC enrollees. We find that enrollees are very price sensitive in their decision to enroll in limited network plans. Those who switched spent almost 40 percent less on medical care...
