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作者：Freedman, Matthew; Owens, Emily; Bohn, Sarah
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：We take advantage of provisions Of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA), which granted legal resident status to long-time unauthorized residents but created new obstacles to employment for more recent immigrants, to explore how employment opportunities affect criminal behavior. Exploiting administrative data on the criminal justice involvement of individuals in San Antonio, Texas and using a triple-differences strategy, we find evidence of an increase in felony charges filed a...
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作者：Landais, Camille; Michaillat, Pascal; Saez, Emmanuel
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Brown University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper develops a theory of optimal unemployment insurance (UI) in matching models. The optimal UI replacement rate is the conventional Baily-Chetty replacement rate, which solves the trade-off between insurance and job-search incentives, plus a correction term, which is positive when an increase in UI pushes the labor market tightness toward its efficient level. In matching models, most wage mechanisms do not ensure efficiency, so tightness is generally inefficient. The effect of UI on ti...
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作者：Manoli, Day; Turner, Nichoias
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors
摘要：We estimate causal effects of cash-on-hand on college enrollment decisions of students from low-income families. Using population level, administrative data from US income tax returns, we exploit variation in tax refunds received in the spring of the high school senior year. The variation in tax refunds results from the kink point between the phase-in and maximum credit portions of the Earned Income Tax Credit schedule. The results suggest tax refunds received in the spring of the high school ...
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作者：Collinson, Robert; Ganong, Peter
作者单位：New York University
摘要：US housing voucher holders pay their landlord a fraction of household income and the government pays the rest, up to a rent ceiling. We study how two types of changes to the rent ceiling affect landlords and tenants. A policy that makes vouchers more generous across a metro area benefits landlords through. increased rents, with minimal impact on neighborhood and unit quality. A second policy that indexes rent ceilings to neighborhood rents leads voucher holders to move into higher quality neig...
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作者：Ohrn, Eric
作者单位：Grinnell College
摘要：This study estimates the investment, financing, and payout responses to variation in a firm's effective corporate income tax rate in the United States. I exploit quasi-experimental variation created by the Domestic Production Activities Deduction, a corporate tax expenditure created in 2005. A 1 percentage point reduction in tax rates increases investment by 4.7 percent of installed capital, increases payouts by 0.3 percent of sales, and decreases debt by 5.3 percent of total assets. These est...
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作者：Landais, Camille; Michaillat, Pascal; Saez, Emmanuel
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Brown University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：In the United States, unemployment insurance (UI) is more generous when unemployment is high. This paper examines whether this policy is desirable. The optimal UI replacement rate is the Baily-Chetty replacement rate plus a correction term measuring the effect of UI on welfare through labor market tightness. Empirical evidence suggests that tightness is inefficiently low in slumps and inefficiently high in booms, and that an increase in UI raises tightness. Hence, the correction term is positi...
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作者：Machin, Stephen; McNally, Sandra; Viareno, Martina
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Surrey; University of Surrey; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：A significant number of people have very low levels literacy in many OECD countries. Thus paper studies a national change in policy and practice in England that refocused the teaching of reading around synthetic phonics. This was a low-cost intervention that targeted the pedagogy of existing teachers. We evaluate the pilot and first phase of the national rollout. While strong initial effects tend to fade out on average, they persist for those with children with a higher initial propensity to s...
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作者：Alfaro, Laura; Chen, Maggie X.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; George Washington University
摘要：Assessing productivity gains front multinational production has been a vital topic of economic research and policy debate. Positive productivity gains are often attributed to productivity spillovers; however, an alternative, much less emphasized channel is selection and market reallocation., whereby competition leads to factor and revenue reallocation within and between domestic firms and exits of the least productive firms. We investigate the roles of these different mechanisms in determining...
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作者：Fell, Harrison; Kaffine, Daniel T.
作者单位：North Carolina State University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Since 2007, US coal-fired electricity ation has declined by a stunning 25 percent. Detailed daily unit-level data is used to examine the joint impact of natural gas prices and wind generation on coal-fired generation and emissions, with a focus on the interaction between gas prices and wind. This interaction is found to he significant. Marginal responses of coal-fired generation to natural gas prices (wind) in 2013 were larger, sometimes much. larger, than the counterfactual with 2008 wind gen...
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作者：Coen-Pirani, Daniele; Wooley, Michael
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Northwestern University
摘要：The Great Depresion produced a profound and lasting influence on the structure of US government. This paper studies theoretically and empirically the increased centralization of revenues and expenditures by the states relative to local governments during this period. A model of property and sales taxation and tax delinquency is introduced. In the model, the income decline of the Depression causes a rise in property tax delinquency and leads to a shift toward sales taxation and fiscal centraliz...
