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作者：Gehring, Kai; Schneider, Stephan A.
作者单位：University of Zurich; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：We demonstrate that the nationalities of EU Commissioners influence budget allocation decisions in favor of their country of origin. Our focus is on the Commissioners for Agriculture, who are exclusively responsible for a specific fund that accounts for the largest share of the overall EU budget. On average, providing the Commissioner causes a 1 percentage point increase in a country's share of the overall EU budget, which corresponds to 850 million euros per year. There are no different pretr...
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作者：Bindler, Anna; Hjalmarsson, Randi
作者单位：University of Gothenburg
摘要：This paper studies the effect of punishment severity on jury decision making using archival data from London's Old Bailey Criminal Court from 1772 to 1871. We exploit two natural experiments in English history, resulting in sharp decreases in punishment severity: the offense-specific abolition of capital punishment and the temporary halt of penal transportation during the American Revolution. Using difference-in-differences to study the former and a pre-post design for the latter, we find a la...
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作者：Auerbach, Alan J.; Devereux, Michael P.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Oxford
摘要：We model the effects of cash-flow taxes, differing according to the location of the tax, on the behavior of a multinational producing and selling in two countries with three sources of economic rent: a fixed basic-production factor (located with initial production), mobile managerial skill, and a fixed final production factor (located with consumption). In general, governments face trade-offs in choosing between alternative taxes. A source-based cash-flow tax creates welfare-impairing producti...
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作者：Buchmueller, Thomas C.; Carey, Colleen
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Cornell University
摘要：The misuse of prescription opioids has become a serious epidemic in the United States. In response, states have implemented Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs), which record a patient's opioid prescribing history. While few providers participated in early systems, states have recently begun to require providers to access the PDMP under certain circumstances. We find that must access PDMPs significantly reduce measures of misuse in Medicare Part D. In contrast, we find that PDMPs with...
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作者：Duggan, Mark; Gruber, Jonathan; Vabson, Boris
作者单位：Stanford University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：There is considerable controversy over the use of private insurers to deliver public health insurance benefits. We investigate the consequences of patients enrolling in Medicare Advantage (MA), privately managed care organizations that compete with the traditional fee-for-service Medicare program. We use exogenous shocks to MA enrollment arising from plan exits from New York counties in the early 2000s and utilize unique data that links hospital inpatient utilization to Medicare enrollment rec...
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作者：Dur, Umut; Hammond, Robert G.; Morrill, Thayer
作者单位：North Carolina State University
摘要：An important but under-explored issue in student assignment procedures is heterogeneity in the level of strategic sophistication among students. Our work provides the first direct measure of which students rank schools following their true preference order (sincere students) and which rank schools by manipulating their true preferences (sophisticated students). We present evidence that our proxy for sophistication captures systematic differences among students. Our results demonstrate that sop...
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作者：Machin, Stephen; McNally, Sandra; Viareno, Martina
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Surrey; University of Surrey; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：A significant number of people have very low levels literacy in many OECD countries. Thus paper studies a national change in policy and practice in England that refocused the teaching of reading around synthetic phonics. This was a low-cost intervention that targeted the pedagogy of existing teachers. We evaluate the pilot and first phase of the national rollout. While strong initial effects tend to fade out on average, they persist for those with children with a higher initial propensity to s...
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作者：Alpert, Abby; Powell, David; Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; RAND Corporation; RAND Corporation; Rand Health
摘要：Overdose deaths from prescription opioid pain relievers nearly quadrupled between 1999 and 2010. We study the consequences of one of the largest supply disruptions to date to abusable opioids-the introduction of an abuse-deterrent version of OxyContin in 2010. Supply-side interventions that limit access to opioids may have the unintended consequence of increasing use of substitute drugs, including heroin. Exploiting cross-state variation in OxyContin exposure, we find that states with the high...
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作者：Schmitt, Matt
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Hospitals in the United States increasingly belong to multihospital systems that operate in numerous geographic markets. A large literature in management and economics suggests that competition between firms may be softened as a result of multimarket contact-i.e., firms competing with one another in multiple markets simultaneously. Exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in multimarket contact generated by out-of-market consolidation, I find that increases in multimarket contact over the 2000...
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作者：Molitor, David
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Physician treatment choices for observably similar patients vary dramatically across regions. This paper exploits cardiologist migration to disentangle the role of physician-specific factors such as preferences and learned behavior versus environment-level factors such as hospital capacity and productivity spillovers on physician behavior. Physicians starting in the same region and subsequently moving to dissimilar regions practice similarly before the move. After the move, physician behavior ...
