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作者：Buettner, Thiess; Madzharova, Boryana
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：We study the effects of consumption tax changes on prices and unit sales of durables utilizing micro-level product data. The results show that tax rate changes are fully shifted into prices. An anticipated tax rate change causes a temporary shift in unit sales shortly before implementation, which is more than offset by adjustments upon and after implementation. If the tax rate increases by 1 percentage point, unit sales rise by 2.5 percent on average in the last month before implementation. Th...
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作者：Hollingsworth, Alex; Rudik, Ivan
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; Cornell University
摘要：Leaded gasoline is still used globally for aviation and automotive racing. Exploiting regulatory exemptions and a novel quasi-experiment, we find that leaded gasoline use in racing increases ambient lead, elevated blood lead rates, and elderly mortality. The mortality estimates indicate that each gram of lead added to gasoline exceeds $1,100 in damages. Our setting allows us to rule out potential con-founders, such as correlated pollutants or socioeconomic status. We provide the first causal e...
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作者：Holland, Stephen P.; Mansur, Erin T.; Yates, Andrew J.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro; Dartmouth College; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：Electric vehicles have a unique potential to transform personal transportation. We analyze this transition with a dynamic model capturing falling costs of electric vehicles, decreasing pollution from electricity, and increasing vehicle substitutability. Our calibration to the US market shows a transition from gasoline vehicles is not optimal at current substitutability: a gasoline vehicle production ban would have large deadweight loss. At higher substitutability, a ban can reduce deadweight l...
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作者：Zuo, George W.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：I present evidence on the relationship between broadband pricing and labor market outcomes for low-income individuals. Specifically, I estimate the effects of a Comcast service providing discounted broadband to qualifying low-income families. I use a triple differences strategy exploiting geographic variation in Comcast coverage, individual variation in eligibility, and temporal variation pre- and postlaunch. Local program availability increased employment rates and earnings of eligible indivi...
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作者：Gerard, Francois; Gonzaga, Gustavo
作者单位：University of London; Queen Mary University London; Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro
摘要：It is widely believed that the presence of a large informal sector increases the efficiency cost of social programs in developing countries. We evaluate such claims for the case of unemployment insurance (UI) by combining an optimal UI framework with comprehensive data from Brazil. Using quasi-experimental variation in potential UI duration, we find clear evidence for the usual moral hazard problem that UI reduces incentives to return to a formal job. Yet, the associated efficiency cost is low...
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作者：Starc, Amanda; Swanson, Ashley
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Columbia University
摘要：Selective contracting is an increasingly popular tool for reducing health care costs, but any savings must be weighed against consumer surplus losses from restricted access. Recently, many prescription drug plans (PDPs) utilize preferred pharmacy networks to reduce drug prices. Our results suggest that Medicare Part D plans with preferred pharmacy networks pay lower retail drug prices, while subsidized enrollees' insensitivity to preferred pharmacy cost-sharing discounts reduces these savings....
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作者：Bergstrom, Katy; Dodds, William
作者单位：The World Bank; Tulane University
摘要：Using a general labor supply model in which individuals choose how much to work conditional on productivities and preferences for consumption relative to leisure, we show that the mapping from earnings and hours worked to productivities and preferences can be expressed entirely in terms of reduced-form labor supply elasticities. We investigate the roles that productivities and preferences play in driving income inequality in the United States. Benchmark labor supply elasticity estimates from t...
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作者：Biasi, Barbara
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：Compensation of most US public school teachers is rigid and solely based on seniority. This paper studies the effects of a reform that gave school districts in Wisconsin full autonomy to redesign teacher pay schemes. Following the reform some districts switched to flexible compensation. Using the expiration of preexisting collective bargaining agreements as a source of exogenous variation in the timing of changes in pay, I show that the introduction of flexible pay raised salaries of high-qual...
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作者：Cullen, Julie Berry; Turner, Nicholas; Washington, Ebonya
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Yale University
摘要：We ask whether attitudes toward government play a causal role in the evasion of US personal income taxes. As turnover elections move voters in partisan counties into and out of alignment with the party of the president, we find with alignment (i) taxpayers report more easily evaded forms of income; (ii) suspect EITC claims decrease; and (iii) audits triggered and audits found to owe additional tax decrease. Coupled with evidence that alignment leads to more favorable views on taxation and spen...
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作者：Gilraine, Michael; Petronijevic, Uros; Singleton, John D.
作者单位：New York University; York University - Canada; University of Rochester
摘要：While school choice may enhance competition, incentives for public schools to raise productivity may be muted if public education is imperfectly substitutable with alternatives. This paper estimates the aggregate effect of charter school expansion on education quality while accounting for the horizontal differentiation of charter programs. Our research design leverages variation following the removal of North Carolina's statewide cap to compare test score changes for students who lived near en...
