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作者：Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Ferris, Denise; Gulesci, Selim; Nasgowitz, Arne; Somville, Vincent; Vandewalle, Lore
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Trinity College Dublin; KU Leuven
摘要：We randomly offered a childcare subsidy, an equivalent cash grant, or both to mothers of three-to-five-year-old children. The childcare subsidy substantially increased the labor supply and earnings of single mothers, highlighting the importance of time constraints for them. Among couples, childcare did not affect mothers' labor market outcomes but instead increased fathers' salaried employment. At the household level, childcare led to higher income and consumption and improved child developmen...
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作者：Calla-Zuanna, Antonio; Liu, Kai; Salvanes, Kjell G.
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of Italy; IZA Institute Labor Economics; IFS; University of Cambridge; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：We analyze the effects of reforming the high school admission system from a residence based allocation to a merit-based allocation. The merit-based system generates oversubscribed schools, which favor high-GPA students at the expense of displacing low-GPA ones. We use the potential outcomes framework to analyze the effects of the reform, separating the effects for those gaining access to competitive schools from those losing access and identifying these parameters by using the reform as an ins...
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作者：Handley, Kyle; Kamal, Fariha; Monarch, Ryan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Syracuse University
摘要：We examine the impacts of the 2018-2019 US import tariff increases on US exports through the lens of supply chain linkages. Using 2016 confidential firm-trade linked data, we identify exporters who were importing products that eventually faced tariff increases to construct product-level exposure to import tariffs. We find that the most exposed products had lower exports in 2018-2019, with the largest effects in 2019. The decline in exports in 2019 is equivalent to an ad valorem tariff on US ex...
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作者：Ejermo, Olof; Enflo, Kerstin; Eriksson, Bjorn; Prawitz, Erik
作者单位：Lund University; Linnaeus University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：Despite significant circular migration flows historically and today, their economic impacts remain understudied. Using data on predominantly rural Swedish migrants who returned from the United States during the Age of Mass Migration, we estimate returns to temporary migration in terms of wealth, income, demographic, and social outcomes. We find substantial wealth effects but limited evidence of increased labor income or occupational upgrading. Male returnees held nearly double the wealth of st...
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作者：Ahmed, Akhter; Hidrobo, Melissa; Hoddinott, John; Kolt, Bastien; Roy, Shalini; Tauseef, Salauddin
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Cornell University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：Social assistance programs can increase consumption and reduce poverty, but less is known about whether these impacts are sustained after programs end or how design and context influence sustainability. Using data collected in two regions of Bangladesh four years after a randomized intervention ended, we find that combining cash transfers with complementary programming led to sustained increases in consumption and reductions in poverty. Combining food transfers with complementary programming s...
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作者：Boelmann, Barbara; Raute, Anna; Schonberg, Uta
作者单位：University of Cologne; Leibniz Association; RWI - Leibniz Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Hong Kong; University of London; University College London
摘要：We investigate the role of cultural norms in shaping women's labor supply decisions after childbirth. Specifically, we are interested in the interplay between childhood socialization and adulthood environment. To that end, we leverage the setting of the German reunification when East Germany's gender-egalitarian culture induced by socialism and West Germany's more traditional culture were brought together. We find that East German gender norms are persistent, whereas West German ones are not. ...
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作者：Agan, Amanda Y.; Cowgill, Bo; Gee, Laura K.
作者单位：Cornell University; Columbia University; Tufts University
摘要：We study how salary disclosures affect employer demand using afield experiment featuring hundreds of recruiters evaluating over 2,000 job applications. We randomize the presence of salary questions and the candidates'disclosures for male and female applicants. Our findings suggest that extra dollars disclosed yield higher salary offers, willingness to pay, and perceptions of outside options by recruiters (all similarly for men and women). Recruiters make negative inferences about the quality a...
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作者：Calel, Raphael; Colmer, Jonathan; Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Glachant, Matthieu
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of Virginia; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Universite PSL; MINES ParisTech
摘要：We develop and implement a new method for identifying wasted subsidies and use it to provide systematic evidence of the misallocation of carbon offsets in the Clean Development Mechanism-the world's largest carbon offset program. Using newly constructed data on the locations and characteristics of over 1,000 wind farms in India, we estimate that at least 52 percent of approved carbon offsets were allocated to projects that would very likely have been built anyway. We estimate that the sale of ...
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作者：Leone, Fabrizio; Macchiavello, Rocco; Reed, Tristan
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; The World Bank
摘要：Prices for several intermediate inputs, including cement, are higher in developing economies-particularly in Africa. Combining recent data from the International Comparison Program with a global directory of cement firms, we estimate an industry equilibrium model to distinguish between drivers of international price dispersion: demand, costs, conduct, and entry. Developing economies feature both higher marginal costs and higher markups. African markets are not characterized by less competitive...
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作者：Agrawal, David r.; Foremny, Dirk; Martinez-toledano, Clara
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Barcelona; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Imperial College London
摘要：We study the effects of decentralized wealth taxation on mobility and the effectiveness of tax coordination at mitigating tax competition. We exploit the reintroduction of the Spanish wealth tax, after which all regions except Madrid levied positive tax rates. We find the mobility responses to wealth taxes are within the range of prior estimates with respect to income taxes. However, wealth tax mobility responses generate losses to personal income tax revenues that are six times larger than th...
