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作者：Henry, Emeric; Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina; Guriev, Sergei
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Paris School of Economics
摘要：During the 2019 European elections campaign, we exposed a random sample of French voting-age Facebook users to false statements by a far-right populist party. A randomly selected subgroup was also presented with fact-checking of these statements; another subgroup was offered a choice of whether to view the fact-checking. Participants could then share these statements on their Facebook pages. We show that (i) both imposed and voluntary fact-checking reduce sharing of false statements by about 4...
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作者：Marcus, Jan; Siedler, Thomas; Ziebarth, Nicolas R.
作者单位：IZA Institute Labor Economics; Free University of Berlin; University of Hamburg; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung; University of Potsdam; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Cornell University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW)
摘要：Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the twenty-first century. While small-scale experiments change behaviors among adults in the short run, we know little about the effectiveness of large-scale policies or the longer-run impacts. To nudge primary school children into a long-term habit of exercising, the German state of Saxony distributed sports club membership vouchers among all 33,000 third graders in 2009. In 2018, we carried out a register-based survey t...
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作者：Simula, Laurent; Trannoy, Alain
作者单位：Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon (ENS de LYON); Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We solve the nonlinear income tax program for rank-dependent social welfare functions, expressing the trade-off between size and inequality using the Gini and related families of positional indices. Absent bunching, ranks in the actual and optimal allocations are invariant. Exploiting this feature, we provide new, simple, and intuitive tax formulas for both the quasilinear and additive cases and new comparative static results. Our approach makes insights from optimal taxation more widely acces...
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作者：Sacarny, Adam; Baicker, Katherine; Finkelstein, Amy
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the impact of expanded adult Medicaid eligibility on the enrollment of already-eligible children. We analyze the 2008 Oregon Medicaid lottery, in which some low-income uninsured adults were randomly selected to be allowed to apply for Medicaid. Children in these households were eligible for Medicaid irrespective of the lottery outcome. We estimate statistically significant but transitory impacts of adult lottery selection on child Medicaid enrollment: at three months after the lottery...
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作者：Ni, Shawn; Podgursky, Michael; Wang, Fangda
作者单位：University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia
摘要：In a widely cited study, Fitzpatrick (2015) found that more than one quarter of Illinois teachers were unwilling to pay 19 cents for pension enhancements worth one dollar in present value. We revisit this finding by tracking the same cohort of teachers to retirement, permitting exact measurement of service years and the annuity received. The vast majority of teachers purchased the upgrade. Among those who did not, the net benefit of the upgrade is negative given their retirement timing. The co...
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作者：Pollakowski, Henry O.; Weinberg, Daniel H.; Andersson, Fredrik; Haltiwanger, John C.; Palloni, Giordano; Kutzbach, Mark J.
作者单位：Harvard University; Bank of America Corporation; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
摘要：We create a national-level longitudinal dataset to analyze how children's participation in public and voucher-assisted housing affects age-26 earnings and adult incarceration. Naive OLS estimates suggest that returns to subsidized housing participation are negative, but that relationship is driven by household selection into assisted housing. Household fixed effects estimates indicate that additional years of public housing increase earnings by 6.2 percent for females and 6.1 percent for males...
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作者：Phillips, Meredith; Reber, Sarah
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Although in-person college access programs can be effective, less is known about whether low-cost and scalable virtual interventions can achieve the same benefits. We evaluate two variants of a virtual college counseling program. Students randomly assigned to the program felt more supported applying to college and applied more broadly to four-year colleges, but were not more likely to be accepted or enroll. We analyze rich and extensive survey data to explore mechanisms and why the program did...
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作者：Scharf, Kimberley; Smith, Sarah; Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of Bristol; Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis
摘要：Fundraising interventions may lift donations and/ or shift their composition and timing. Using data rich in both the charity space and time dimensions, we find that major fundraising appeals lift donations to the appeal charity and that this increase is not offset by lower donations later in time. Strikingly, major appeals also forward-shift donations to other (nonappeal) charities that are offset by lower donations later. To understand these response patterns, we introduce a two-period, two-c...
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作者：Schweiger, Helena; Stepanov, Alexander; Zacchia, Paolo
作者单位：European Bank of Reconstructon & Development; Charles University Prague; Czech Academy of Sciences; Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences
摘要：We study the long-run effects of historical place-based R&D policies: the creation of Science Cities in Soviet Russia. We compare current demographic and economic characteristics of Science Cities with those of localities that were similar to them at the time of their establishment. We find that in present-day Russia, Science Cities are more innovative and productive, host more highly skilled workers, and pay them higher salaries. We interpret these findings as the result of the interaction be...
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作者：Wilson, Nicholas
作者单位：Reed College - Portland; Reed College - Portland
摘要：I measure the effect of child marriage bans on female educational attainment and employment using a difference-in-differences approach employing subnational spatial and cohort variation in a sample of over 250,000 female respondents from 17 low- and middle-income countries banning child marriage between 1995 and 2012. My results using the full study sample suggest that raising the minimum legal age of marriage to 18 increased age at marriage, age at first birth, and the likelihood of employmen...
