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作者：Alsan, Marcella; Eichmeyer, Sarah
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bocconi University
摘要：We experimentally vary signals and senders to identify which combination will increase vaccine demand among a disadvantaged population in the United States-Black and White men without a college education. Our main finding is that laypeople (nonexpert concordant senders) are most effective at promoting vaccination, particularly among those least willing to become vaccinated. This finding points to a trade-off between the higher qualifications of experts on the one hand and the lower social prox...
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作者：Bjerre-Nielsen, Andreas; Gandil, Mikkel Host
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：What is the efficacy of redrawing school attendance boundaries as a desegregation policy? To provide causal evidence on this question, we employ novel data with unprecedented detail on the universe of Danish children and exploit changes in attendance boundaries over time. Households defy reassignments to schools with lower socioeconomic status. There is a strong social gradient in defiance, as resourceful households are more sensitive to the student composition of new schools. We simulate scho...
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作者：Rabate, Simon; Jongen, Egbert; Atav, Tilbe
作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam
摘要：We study the effects of increasing the statutory retirement age (SRA) in the Netherlands, using regression discontinuity design and administrative data on the universe of the population. We find clear and large employment effects of the reform. A simple model in which individuals stay longer in their pre-SRA labor market state predicts the treatment effects well. The employment level before the SRA and the retirement hazard at the SRA are the key determinants of the effects of the policy chang...
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作者：Borraz, Fernando; Carozzi, Felipe; Gonzalez-Pampillon, Nicolas; Zipitria, Leandro
作者单位：Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay; Universidad de Montevideo; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay
摘要：We study how local grocery markets within a city are affected by changes in housing markets. Our empirical strategy exploits a shift in the spatial distribution of construction activity induced by a large-scale, place -based tax exemption in the city of Montevideo. The introduction of new housing stock induced by the policy causes a reduction in grocery prices of 2.3 percent and an increase in locally available product varieties. Using insights from a multiproduct model of imperfect competitio...
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作者：Ash, Elliott; MacLeod, Bentley
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Princeton University
摘要：This paper provides evidence on how mandatory retirement influences judge performance using reforms in US state supreme courts as a natural experiment. We find that introducing mandatory retirement improves court performance as measured by output (number of opinions) and legal influence (number of citations to opinions). While older judges are cited less than younger judges, the effect of mandatory retirement is larger than what is expected from a change in the age distribution. We find some e...
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作者：Koppensteiner, Martin foureaux; Matheson, Jesse; Plugor, Raka
作者单位：University of Surrey; University of Sheffield; University of Leicester
摘要：We conducted a randomized controlled trial of an intervention designed to assist victims of domestic violence in accessing nonpolice support services. The intervention led to a 22 percent decrease in the fraction of victims providing a witness statement to police. Witness statements are an important piece of evidence and a key input in the prosecution of perpetrators. Despite this, we do not find a significant change in perpetrator arrests and convictions or in reported future violence. Survey...
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作者：Goldberg, Samuel G.; Johnson, Garrett A.; Shriver, Scott K.
作者单位：Stanford University; Boston University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：Modern websites rely on personal data to design better content and to market themselves. The European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was intended to make access to such personal data more difficult, with the goal of protecting user privacy. We examine the GDPR's impact on website page views and revenue for 1,084 online firms using data from Adobe's website analytics platform. We find a reduction of 12 percent in both EU user website page views and website revenue recorded by...
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作者：Cassidy, Traviss; Dincecco, Mark; Troiano, Ugo Antonio
作者单位：University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of California System; University of California Riverside
摘要：We evaluate how fiscal capacity and migration respond to the introduction of the individual income tax, drawing on new panel data on US states from 1900 to 2010. We find that the introduction of the income tax increased revenue per capita by 12 percent in the short term, 15 percent in the medium term, and 17 percent in the long term. The absolute level of revenue, however, did not significantly change over the long term for post -World War II adopters. To explain this, we show that the introdu...
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作者：Avdic, Daniel; Lundborg, Petter; Vikstrom, Johan
作者单位：Deakin University; Lund University; Uppsala University; Uppsala University
摘要：We study how closures of maternity wards affect maternal and neonatal health. Using data on all hospital births in Sweden between 1990 and 2004, we compare changes in birth -related outcomes across hospital catchment areas that were differently exposed to ward closures. Our findings show that the closures increased maternal obstetric trauma but also decreased fetal stress and infant trauma among newborns. Adverse maternal outcomes are mainly driven by ward overcrowding, whereas increases in tr...
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作者：Campa, Pamela; Muehlenbachs, Lucija
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm School of Economics; University of Calgary; Resources for the Future
摘要：In US environmental court cases, a cash penalty can be mitigated if a defendant volunteers to undertake an in -kind project, such as retrofitting school buses or building a public park. A goal of the policy is to address environmental justice concerns for low-income and minority populations, yet the historical record shows in -kind settlements most likely occur in cases involving high -income, majority -White communities. A choice experiment reveals that the public prefers in -kind settlements...
