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作者：Fafchamps, M; Shilpi, F
作者单位：University of Oxford; The World Bank
摘要：Using survey data from Nepal, we examine the relationship between proximity to urban centres and the organisation of labour. We show that wards located in and near cities have more diversified and more market oriented activities. This suggests the presence of returns to market specialisation in cities. We also find some evidence of returns to hierarchical specialisation. These effects are felt up to four hours of travel time from large cities. Urbanisation is associated with lower female labou...
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作者：Burgess, S; Turon, H
作者单位：University of Bristol; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We examine the inter-related dynamics of the unemployment flows and stock. Our model allows them to be linked through the standard accounting identity, but also through behavioural relationships. We find that, for the UK, the bulk of the correlation between duration and the unemployment stock arises from the dependence of duration on unemployment, taking careful account of the inter-temporal identity. Outflow shocks have contributed little to the evolution of unemployment since the late 1960s....
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作者：Berger, LM; Hill, J; Waldfogel, J
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Columbia University
摘要：This paper uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to explore links between mothers' returns to work within 12 weeks of giving birth and health and developmental outcomes for their children. OLS models and propensity score matching methods are utilised to account for selection bias. Considerable associations between early returns to work and children's outcomes are found suggesting causal relationships between early returns to work and reductions in breastfeeding and immunisat...
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作者：Tanaka, S
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：To understand the relationship between parental leave and child health better, this study examines the aggregate effects of parental leave policies on child health outcomes using data from 18 OECD countries from 1969-2000. The focus is investigating the effects of both job-protected paid leave and other leave - including non-job-protected paid leave and unpaid leave - on child health outcomes, more specifically, infant mortality rates, low birth weight and child immunisation coverage. This stu...
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作者：Ehrmann, M; Fratzscher, M
摘要：This article investigates whether the degree, of interdependence between the US and the euro area has changed with EMU by analysing the effects of monetary policy and macroeconomic news on daily interest rates in the two economies. The article finds a strongly increased interdependence of money markets around EMU. Spillover effects from the US to the euro area remain stronger than in the opposite direction, but US markets have started reacting to euro area developments. In recent years certain...
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作者：Dessy, SE; Pallage, S
作者单位：Laval University; University of Quebec; University of Quebec Montreal
摘要：Although intuitive and morally compelling, a ban on the worst forms of child labour in poor countries is unlikely to be welfare improving. We show that harmful forms of child labour have an economic role: by maintaining wages for child labour high enough, they allow human capital accumulation in poor countries. Unless appropriate mechanisms are designed to mitigate the decline in child labour wages caused by reduced employment options for children, a ban on harmful forms of child labour will l...
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作者：Hijzen, A; Görg, H; Hine, RC
作者单位：University of Nottingham
摘要：This article investigates empirically the link between international outsourcing and the skill structure of labour demand in the UK. It is the first detailed study of this issue for the UK. Outsourcing is calculated using import-use matrices of input-output tables for manufacturing industries for the period 1982 to 1996. Estimating a system of variable factor demands, our main results show that international outsourcing has had a strong negative impact on the demand for unskilled labour. Hence...
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作者：Dustmann, C; Hatton, T; Preston, I
作者单位：University of London; University College London; Australian National University; University of Essex
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作者：Bolton, GE; Brandts, J; Ockenfels, A
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE); University of Cologne
摘要：Procedures are the area where fairness arguably has its largest influence on modern societies. The experiments we report provide an initial characterisation of that influence and suggest new interpretations for some well-known results. We find that procedural fairness is conceptually distinct from allocation fairness, although the evidence also indicates that the two are linked in important ways. Post hoc extension of one of the current models of fairness illustrates this link and implies that...
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作者：Gonzalez, FM
作者单位：University of British Columbia
摘要：We consider the incentive to adopt superior technologies when private property is insecure. The welfare costs of insecure property can be substantially greater than those commonly associated with diversion and with the disincentive effect induced by imperfect appropriation of returns. When private property is sufficiently insecure, anticipation of conflict over economic distribution gives rise to technological backwardness, even though (1) superior technologies are readily available at zero co...
