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作者：Janeba, Eckhard; Schjelderup, Guttorm
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH)
摘要：The views on the welfare effects of tax competition differ widely. Some see the fiscal externalities as the cause for underprovision of public goods, while others see tax competition as the means of reducing government inefficiencies. Using a comparative politics approach we show that tax competition among presidential-congressional democracies is typically welfare improving, while harmful among parliamentary democracies if under the latter public goods are sufficiently valued. The results hol...
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作者：Eaton, B. Curtis; Eswaran, Mukesh
作者单位：University of Calgary; University of British Columbia
摘要：The happiness literature has established that, in the developed countries, increasing affluence has not increased well-being in recent decades. We seek an explanation for this in terms of conspicuous consumption, a phenomenon originally identified by Veblen. We develop some simple general equilibrium models that incorporate a Veblen good, among others. In all of our models, as productivity increases, the Veblen good eventually dominates the economy in the sense that, by reducing leisure, more ...
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作者：Albrecht, James; Navarro, Lucas; Vroman, Susan
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：In this article, we build an equilibrium search and matching model of an economy with an informal sector. Our model extends Mortensen and Pissarides (1994) by allowing for ex ante worker heterogeneity with respect to formal-sector productivity. We use the model to analyse the effects of labour market policy on informal-sector and formal-sector output, on the division of the workforce into unemployment, informal-sector employment and formal-sector employment, and on wages. Finally, we examine t...
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作者：Crockett, Sean; Smith, Vernon L.; Wilson, Bart J.
作者单位：City University of New York (CUNY) System; Baruch College (CUNY); Chapman University System; Chapman University
摘要：In this article we study the performance of an economy that can support specialisation if the participants develop and follow some system of exchange. We define a closed economy in which the participants must discover the ability to exchange, implement it, and ascertain what they are comparatively advantaged in producing. Many of our participants demonstrate the ability to find comparative advantage, capture gains from trade and effectively choose production that is consistent with the choices...
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作者：Capra, C. Monica; Tanaka, Tomomi; Camerer, Colin F.; Feiler, Lauren; Sovero, Veronica; Noussair, Charles N.
作者单位：Emory University; Tilburg University; California Institute of Technology; Arizona State University; Arizona State University-Tempe; Carleton College; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We introduce an experimental approach to study the effect of institutions on economic growth. In each period, agents produce and trade output in a market, and allocate it to consumption and investment. Productivity is higher if total capital stock is above a threshold. The threshold externality generates two steady states - a suboptimal 'poverty trap' and an optimal steady state. In a baseline treatment, the economies converge to the poverty trap. However, the ability to make public announceme...
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作者：Murata, Yasusada
作者单位：Nihon University
摘要：I propose a simple general equilibrium model with nonhomothetic preferences and productivity differences and analyse the number and the composition of varieties in consumption. I obtain the following three results. First, population and labour efficiency have different roles in the income elasticity of demand, thus having different impacts on the number of final goods. Second, given the number of final goods, the composition of varieties is determined by the relative importance of desirability...
