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作者：Currie, Janet; Duque, Valentina; Garfinkel, Irwin
作者单位：Princeton University; Columbia University
摘要：We use longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study to investigate the impacts of the Great Recession on the health of mothers. We focus on a wide range of physical and mental health outcomes, as well as health behaviour. We find that increases in the unemployment rate decrease self-reported health status and increase smoking and drug use. We also find evidence of heterogeneous impacts. Disadvantaged mothers - African American, Hispanic, less educated and unmarried - ...
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作者：Kesternich, Iris; Siflinger, Bettina; Smith, James P.; Winter, Joachim K.
作者单位：KU Leuven; University of Mannheim; RAND Corporation; University of Munich
摘要：We investigate long-run effects of hunger episodes experienced during childhood on health status and behavioural outcomes in later life. We combine self-reported data on hunger experiences from SHARELIFE with administrative data on food supply (caloric rations) in post-war Germany. The data suggest that individual behaviour is a pathway between early life-shocks and adult health. We find that lower-income adults who experienced hunger spend a larger fraction of income on food. Taken together, ...
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作者：Smith, James P.
作者单位：RAND Corporation
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作者：Lavy, Victor
作者单位：University of Warwick; Hebrew University of Jerusalem; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The time that children spend in school varies across countries. Do these differences explain international gaps in pupils' academic achievements? In this article I estimate the effects of instructional time on students' achievement using PISA 2006 data, which include data samples from over 50 countries. I find that instructional time has a positive and significant effect on test scores, and that the effect is much lower in developing countries. Evidence also suggests that the productivity of i...
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作者：Priks, Mikael
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：I study the effects of surveillance cameras on crime in the Stockholm subway system. Beginning in 2006, surveillance cameras were installed in subway stations at different points in time. Difference-in-difference analysis reveals that introduction of the cameras reduced crime by approximately 25% at stations in the city centre. The types of crimes deterred by cameras are planned crime, that is, pickpocketing and robbery. It is also shown that some of the crimes were displaced to surrounding ar...
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作者：Hanushek, Eric A.
作者单位：Stanford University
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作者：Yi, Junjian; Heckman, James J.; Zhang, Junsen; Conti, Gabriella
作者单位：National University of Singapore; University of Chicago; Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of London; University College London
摘要：In response to health shocks, parents make compensatory and reinforcing investments in different dimensions of human capital across children. Using household data on Chinese child twins whose average age is 11, we find that, compared with the twin sibling who did not suffer from negative early health shocks at age 0-3, the other twin sibling who did received 305 yuan more health investment, but received 182 yuan less educational investment. Overall, the family acts as a net equaliser in respon...
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作者：Rivkin, Steven G.; Schiman, Jeffrey C.
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of Texas System; University of Texas Dallas; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：It seems likely the magnitude of any causal link between achievement and instruction time depends upon the quality of instruction, the classroom environment and the rate that students translate classroom time into added knowledge. In this article, we use panel data methods to investigate instruction time effects in the 2009 Programme for International Student Assessment data. The empirical analysis shows that achievement increases with instruction time and that the increase varies by both the ...
