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作者：Gomes, Pedro
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：I build a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with search and matching frictions to determine the optimal public sector wage policy. Public sector wages are crucial in achieving efficient allocation of jobs. High wages induce too many unemployed to queue for public sector jobs, in turn raising unemployment. The optimal wage depends on the frictions in the two sectors. Following technology shocks, public sector wages should be pro-cyclical and deviations from the optimal policy signifi...
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作者：Oliveros, Santiago; Vardy, Felix
作者单位：University of Essex; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; International Monetary Fund
摘要：Political commentators warn that the fragmentation of the modern media landscape induces voters to withdraw into information cocoons' and segregate along ideological lines. We show that the option to abstain breaks ideological segregation and generates cross-over' in news consumption: voters with considerable leanings towards a candidate demand information that is less biased towards that candidate than voters who are more centrist. This non-monotonicity in the demand for slant makes voters' i...
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作者：Hjalmarsson, Randi; Holmlund, Helena; Lindquist, Matthew J.
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Stockholm University
摘要：This article studies the causal effect of educational attainment on conviction and incarceration using Sweden's compulsory schooling reform as an instrument for years of schooling and a 70% sample from Sweden's Multigenerational Register matched with more than 30years of administrative crime records. We find a significant negative effect of schooling on male convictions and incarceration; one additional year of schooling decreases the likelihood of conviction by 6.7% and incarceration by 15.5%...
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作者：Sa, Filipa
作者单位：University of London; King's College London; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This article studies the effect of immigration on house prices in the UK. It finds that immigration has a negative effect on house prices and presents evidence that this negative effect is due to the mobility response of the native population. Natives respond to immigration by moving to different areas and those who leave are at the top of the wage distribution. This generates a negative income effect on housing demand and pushes down house prices. The negative effect of immigration on house p...
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作者：Hazan, Moshe; Zoabi, Hosny
作者单位：Tel Aviv University; New Economic School
摘要：We present evidence that the cross-sectional relationship between fertility and women's education in the US has recently become U-shaped. The number of hours women work has concurrently increased with their education. In our model, raising children and homemaking require parents' time, which could be substituted by services such as childcare and housekeeping. By substituting their own time for market services to raise children and run their households, highly educated women are able to have mo...
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作者：Kriwoluzky, Alexander; Stoltenberg, Christian A.
作者单位：University of Bonn; University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：The declining importance of money in transactions can explain the well-known fact that US interest rate policy was passive in the pre-Volcker period and active after 1982. We generalise a standard cashless new Keynesian model (Woodford, 2003) by incorporating an explicit transaction role for money. In the pre-Volcker period, we estimate that money did play an important role and determinacy required a passive interest rate policy. However, after 1982, money no longer played an important role in...
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作者：Kartal, Melis
作者单位：University of Vienna
摘要：I investigate the welfare properties of a broad class of electoral systems with endogenous turnout. I find that the welfare ranking of electoral systems depends on the composition of the electorate. If citizens have identical voting costs, then all electoral systems that satisfy certain regularity properties generate the same level of welfare. If voting costs are heterogeneous, and the two parties are (almost) equally popular, then majority rule (MR) generates the highest welfare among these s...
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作者：Burgess, Simon; Greaves, Ellen; Vignoles, Anna; Wilson, Deborah
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Cambridge
摘要：We investigate parents' preferences for school attributes in a unique data set of survey, administrative, census and spatial data. Using a conditional logit, incorporating characteristics of households, schools and home-school distance, we show that most families have strong preferences for schools' academic performance. Parents also value schools' socio-economic composition and distance, which may limit the potential of school choice to improve academic standards. Most of the variation in pre...
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作者：Gonzalez, Francisco M.; Wen, Jean-Francois
作者单位：University of Waterloo; University of Calgary
摘要：The development of the welfare state in the Western economies between 1930 and 1990 coincided with a puzzling pattern in the taxation of top incomes. Effective tax rates at the top increased sharply during the 1930s and 1940s, but then gradually decreased, even as social transfers continued rising. We propose a new theory of the development of the welfare state to explain these facts. Our main insight is that social insurance and top income taxation are substitutes for averting social conflict...
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作者：Hu, Luojia; Schlosser, Analia
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We study the impacts of prenatal sex selection on girls' well-being in India. We show that high sex ratios at birth reflect the practice of prenatal sex selection and apply a triple difference strategy to examine whether changes in health outcomes of girls relative to boys within states and over time are systematically associated with changes in sex-ratios at birth. We find that an increase in prenatal sex selection leads to a reduction in girls' malnutrition, in particular, underweight and wa...
