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作者：Gonzalez, Francisco M.; Wen, Jean-Francois
作者单位：University of Waterloo; University of Calgary
摘要：The development of the welfare state in the Western economies between 1930 and 1990 coincided with a puzzling pattern in the taxation of top incomes. Effective tax rates at the top increased sharply during the 1930s and 1940s, but then gradually decreased, even as social transfers continued rising. We propose a new theory of the development of the welfare state to explain these facts. Our main insight is that social insurance and top income taxation are substitutes for averting social conflict...
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作者：Buonanno, Paolo; Durante, Ruben; Prarolo, Giovanni; Vanin, Paolo
作者单位：University of Bergamo; University of Bologna
摘要：With weak law-enforcement institutions, a positive shock to the value of natural resources may increase demand for private protection and opportunities for rent appropriation through extortion, favouring the emergence of mafia-type organisations. We test this hypothesis by investigating the emergence of the mafia in twentieth century Sicily, where a severe lack of state property-rights enforcement coincided with a steep rise in international demand for sulphur, Sicily's most valuable export co...
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作者：Carluccio, Juan; Fougere, Denis; Gautier, Erwan
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; University of Surrey; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Nantes Universite
摘要：We estimate the impact of international trade on wages using data for French manufacturing firms. We instrument firm-level trade flows with firm-specific instrumental variables based on world demand and supply shocks. Both export and offshoring shocks have a positive effect on wages. Exports increase wages for all occupational categories while offshoring has heterogeneous effects. The impact of trade on wages varies across bargaining regimes. In firms with collective bargaining, the elasticity...
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作者：Heckman, James J.; Sattinger, Michael
作者单位：University of Chicago; State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Albany, SUNY
摘要：This article summarises the lasting contribution of Roy's (1950) fundamental paper. Roy, A.D (1950). The distribution of earnings and of individual output', Economic Journal, vol. 60(239), pp. 489-505.
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作者：Choi, Sekyu; Janiak, Alexandre; Villena-Roldan, Benjamin
作者单位：Autonomous University of Barcelona; Barcelona School of Economics; Universidad de Chile
摘要：We estimate life-cycle transition probabilities among employment, unemployment and inactivity for US workers. We assess the importance of each worker flow to account for participation and unemployment rates over the life cycle. We find that inactivity exit and entry matter but the empirically relevant margins defy conventional wisdom: high youth unemployment is due to high employment exit probabilities, while low labour force entry probabilities substantially account for low participation and ...
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作者：Collins, J. Michael; Urban, Carly
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman
摘要：Scholars have studied the use of mediation - a third party to facilitate the settlement of a dispute - in a variety of settings. The theoretical literature asserts that mediated negotiation weakly dominates unmediated negotiation, increasing the flow of information between the principal and the agent. This study tests these predictions using a mandatory mediation policy for mortgage contracts in default. Difference-in-differences estimates from three metropolitan statistical areas before and a...
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作者：Egger, Peter; Merlo, Valeria; Ruf, Martin; Wamser, Georg
作者单位：University of Nottingham; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Oxford; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen
摘要：Until 2009, the UK operated a system of worldwide taxation. Under this system, taxation of foreign income was deferred until repatriated as dividends, leaving UK-owned multinational firms the possibility of avoiding UK taxation by delaying dividend payments and keeping earnings abroad. In 2009, the UK switched to a system under which all foreign-earned income is exempted from taxation. We evaluate the effects of this reform on foreign affiliates of UK multinationals. Using an identification ap...
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作者：Hanushek, Eric A.
作者单位：Stanford University
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作者：Yi, Junjian; Heckman, James J.; Zhang, Junsen; Conti, Gabriella
作者单位：National University of Singapore; University of Chicago; Chinese University of Hong Kong; University of London; University College London
摘要：In response to health shocks, parents make compensatory and reinforcing investments in different dimensions of human capital across children. Using household data on Chinese child twins whose average age is 11, we find that, compared with the twin sibling who did not suffer from negative early health shocks at age 0-3, the other twin sibling who did received 305 yuan more health investment, but received 182 yuan less educational investment. Overall, the family acts as a net equaliser in respon...
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作者：Armstrong, Mark
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：Many scholarly journals charge high prices to libraries, exclude the wider public altogether, and generate excessive profits. Open access regulation can mitigate these problems when authors are required to publish in journals which offer free and immediate access by readers, or make freely available a substitute to the published article. The former policy is likely to lead to publication fees, making authors less inclined to publish and less willing to publish in selective journals. The latter...
