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作者：van Ours, Jan C.; Vollaard, Ben
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Melbourne; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Tilburg University
摘要：We provide evidence for a beneficial welfare impact of a policy targeted at strengthening victim precaution. Regulation made application of the electronic engine immobiliser mandatory for all new cars sold within the European Union. We exploit the regulation as source of exogenous variation in use of the anti-theft device. The device reduced car theft by an estimated 40%, accounting for both the protective effect on cars with the device and the displacement effect on cars without the device. T...
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作者：Cordoba, Juan Carlos; Ripoll, Marla
作者单位：Iowa State University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Evidence from cross-sectional data reveals a negative relationship between family income and fertility. This article argues that constraints to intergenerational transfers are crucial for understanding this relationship. If parents could legally impose debt obligations on their children to recover the costs incurred in raising them, then fertility would be independent of parental income. A relationship between fertility and income arises when parents are unable to leave debts because of legal,...
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作者：Fergusson, Leopoldo; Robinson, James A.; Torvik, Ragnar; Vargas, Juan F.
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Harvard University; Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：We develop a model where some politicians have an edge in undertaking a task and this gives them electoral advantage, creating an incentive to underperform in the task. We test the empirical implications in the context of fighting against insurgents, using Colombian data. The main prediction is that large defeats for the insurgents reduce the probability that these politicians fight them, especially in electorally salient places. We find that after the largest victories against FARC rebels, th...
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作者：Leuven, Edwin; Ronning, Marte
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Oslo
摘要：This article exploits discontinuous grade mixing rules in Norwegian junior high schools to estimate how classroom grade composition affects pupil achievement. Pupils in mixed grade classrooms are found to outperform pupils in single grade classrooms. This finding is driven by pupils benefiting from sharing the classroom with more mature peers from higher grades. The presence of lower grade peers is detrimental for achievement. Pupils can, therefore, benefit from de-tracking by grade but the ef...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Fasani, Francesco
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; Queen Mary University London
摘要：This study analyses the effect of local crime rates on residents' mental health. Using longitudinal information on individuals' mental well-being, we address the problem of sorting and endogenous moving behaviour. We find that crime causes considerable mental distress for residents, primarily driven by property crime. Effects are stronger for females, and mainly related to depression and anxiety. The distress caused by one SD increase in local crime is 2-4 times larger than that caused by a 1 ...
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作者：Joensen, Juanna Schroter; Nielsen, Helena Skyt
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：We exploit an institutional reduction in the costs of acquiring advanced high school mathematics to assess the causes and consequences of fewer girls choosing advanced mathematics. Girls at the top and boys at the middle of the mathematics ability distribution took more mathematics because of the cost reduction. We estimate a positive average earnings effect encompassing girls completing more advanced and more mathematics intensive college degrees, choosing more competitive careers and climbin...
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作者：Akcomak, I. Semih; Webbink, Dinand; ter Weel, Bas
作者单位：CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy; Middle East Technical University; Middle East Technical University; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Maastricht University
摘要：This research establishes a link between the Brethren of the Common Life (BCL), a religious community founded by Geert Groote in Deventer in the late fourteenth century, and the early economic development of the Netherlands. The BCL stimulated human capital accumulation. The historical analyses show that the BCL contributed to the high rates of literacy, to the high level of book production and to city growth in the Netherlands. These findings are supported by a set of OLS regressions and furt...
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作者：Ambec, Stefan; Ehlers, Lars
作者单位：INRAE; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Gothenburg; Universite de Montreal
摘要：We consider the problem of regulating an economy with environmental pollution. We examine the distributional impact of the polluter-pays (PP) principle which requires that any agent compensates all other agents for the damages caused by his or her (pollution) emissions. With constant marginal damages we show that regulation via the PP principle leads to the unique welfare distribution that induces non-negative individual welfare change and renders each agent responsible for his or her pollutio...
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作者：Nigai, Sergey
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：I develop a multi-country, multi-industry model of trade that features heterogeneous consumers with non-homothetic preferences. I use the model to quantify the measurement errors in the welfare gains estimates caused by the assumption of a representative consumer (ARC). First, I reduce the world level of all trade costs by 15% and find that ARC overestimates (underestimates) the gains of the poor (rich) by up to 5 (11) percentage points. Second, I eliminate import tariffs around the globe and ...
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作者：Algan, Yann; Cahuc, Pierre; Sangnier, Marc
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; ENSAE Paris; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
摘要：We show the existence of a twin peaks relation between trust and the size of the welfare state that stems from two opposing forces. Uncivic people support large welfare states because they expect to benefit from them without bearing their costs. But civic individuals support generous benefits and high taxes only when they are surrounded by trustworthy individuals. We provide empirical evidence for these behaviours and this twin peaks relation in the OECD countries.
