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作者：Hett, Florian; Mechtel, Mario; Kroll, Markus
作者单位：Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Leuphana University Luneburg; Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：A large body of evidence shows that social identity affects behaviour. However, our understanding of the substantial variation of these behavioural effects is still limited. We use a novel laboratory experiment to measure differences in preferences for social identities as a potential source of behavioural heterogeneity. Facing a trade-off between monetary payments and belonging to different groups, individuals are willing to forego significant earnings to avoid belonging to certain groups. We...
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作者：Hammar, Olle; Waldenstrom, Daniel
作者单位：Uppsala University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：We estimate trends in global earnings dispersion across occupational groups by constructing a new database that covers 68 developed and developing countries between 1970 and 2018. Our main finding is that global earnings inequality has fallen, primarily during the 2000s and 2010s, when the global Gini coefficient dropped by 15 points and the earnings share of the world's poorest half doubled. Decomposition analyses show earnings convergence between countries and within occupations, while withi...
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作者：Feenstra, Robert C.; Xu, Mingzhi; Antoniades, Alexis
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; Peking University; Georgetown University
摘要：We examine the price and variety of a sample of consumer goods at the barcode level in cities within China. Unlike the position in the United States, in China the prices of goods tend to be lower in larger cities. We explain that difference between the countries by the more uneven spatial distribution of manufacturers' sales and retailers in China, and we confirm the pro-competitive effect of city size on reducing markups there. In both countries, there is a greater variety of goods in larger ...
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作者：Bulte, Erwin; List, John A.; van Soest, Daan
作者单位：Wageningen University & Research; University of Chicago; Tilburg University
摘要：Social scientists have recently explored how framing of gains and losses affects productivity. We conducted a field experiment in peri-urban Uganda, and compared output levels across 1,000 workers over isomorphic tasks and incentives, framed as either losses or gains. We find that loss aversion can be leveraged to increase the productivity of labour. The estimated welfare costs of using the loss contract are quite modest-perhaps because the loss contract is viewed as a (soft) commitment device.
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作者：Drichoutis, Andreas C.; Nayga, Rodolfo M., Jr.
作者单位：Agricultural University of Athens; University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville
摘要：Economic analysis assumes that consumer behaviour can be rationalised by a utility function. Previous research has shown that some consistency of choices with economic rationality can be captured by permanent cognitive ability. No other known study however has examined how a temporary load in subjects' working memory can affect economic rationality. Using two controlled laboratory experiments, we exogenously vary cognitive load by asking subjects to memorise a number while they undertake an in...
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作者：Izdebski, Adam; Sloczynski, Tymon; Bonnier, Anton; Koloch, Grzegorz; Kouli, Katerina
作者单位：Jagiellonian University; Brandeis University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Uppsala University; Warsaw School of Economics; National & Kapodistrian University of Athens
摘要：In this article we use pollen data from six sites in southern Greece to study long-term vegetation change in this region from 1000 BCE to 600 CE. Based on insights from environmental history, we interpret our estimated trends in the regional presence of cereal, olive and vine pollen as proxies for structural changes in agricultural production. We present evidence that there was a market economy in ancient Greece and a major trade expansion several centuries before the Roman conquest. Our resul...
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作者：Fehrler, Sebastian; Fischbacher, Urs; Schneider, Maik T.
作者单位：University of Konstanz; University of Bremen; University of Bath
摘要：In many situations, people can lie strategically, for their own benefit. Since individuals differ with respect to their willingness to lie, the credibility of statements will crucially depend on who self-selects into such cheap-talk situations. We study this process in a two-stage political competition setting. At the entry stage, potential candidates compete in a contest to become their party's candidate in an election. At the election stage, the nominated candidates campaign by making promis...
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作者：Luo, Yulei; Nie, Jun; Young, Eric R.
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Kansas City; University of Virginia; Zhejiang University
摘要：Macroeconomists failed to predict the Great Recession, suggesting that the existing macroeconomic models may have been misspecified. Bearing in mind this potential misspecification or 'model uncertainty', how do agents' optimal decisions change? Furthermore, how large are the welfare costs of model misspecification? To shed light on these questions, we develop a tractable continuous-time general equilibrium model to show that a fear of model misspecification reduces both the equilibrium intere...
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作者：Cubas, German
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：Public capital is sizable and its share in total capital is higher in poor countries. The standard development accounting approach does not distinguish it from private capital, ignoring its public good features. The goal of this paper is to measure public capital stocks for a wide range of countries, and then develop and implement a development accounting framework that explicitly includes its non-rival aspects. The paper finds that factors of production account for a significantly greater sha...
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作者：Guo, Rufei; Zhang, Junsen
作者单位：Wuhan University; Zhejiang University; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：Do parents forge children's preference for old-age support? Becker (1993) conjectures that the inculcation of filial piety increases parents' investment in children's human capital. We provide the first empirical evidence on parents' instilling of filial piety in children, by combining the natural experiment of twins with China's One-Child Policy to obtain exogenous variations in children's gender composition. Among the different models of filial-piety inculcation, our empirical results favour...
