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作者：Jiao, Peiran
作者单位：Maastricht University; Maastricht University
摘要：Heterogeneous beliefs often arise among people with the same information but different personally experienced payoffs. To explain this, I propose a mechanism in which experienced payoffs distort beliefs: gains lead an agent to relatively underweight negative new signals and thus to become overoptimistic, whereas losses do the opposite. I experimentally test this mechanism and find behaviour consistent with its predictions. The experiment created a setting where payoffs carried no informational...
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作者：Blanco-Perez, Cristina; Brodeur, Abel
作者单位：University of Ottawa
摘要：In February 2015, the editors of eight health economics journals sent out an editorial statement which aimed to reduce the extent of specification searching and reminds referees to accept studies that: 'have potential scientific and publication merit regardless of whether such studies' empirical findings do or do not reject null hypotheses'. Guided by a pre-analysis, we test whether the editorial statement decreased the extent of publication bias. Our differences-in-differences estimates sugge...
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作者：Gottschalk, Felix; Mimra, Wanda; Waibel, Christian
作者单位：IESEG School of Management; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：Agency problems are a defining characteristic of healthcare markets. We present the results from a field experiment in the market for dental care: a test patient who does not need treatment is sent to 180 dentists to receive treatment recommendations. In the experiment, we vary the socio-economic status of the patient and whether a second opinion signal is sent. Furthermore, measures of market, practice and dentist characteristics are collected. We observe an overtreatment recommendation rate ...
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作者：Asher, Sam; Garg, Teevrat; Novosad, Paul
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Dartmouth College
摘要：There is a long-standing debate over whether new roads unavoidably lead to environmental damage, especially forest loss, but causal identification has been elusive. Using multiple causal identification strategies, we study the construction of new rural roads to over 100,000 villages and the upgrading of 10,000 kilometers of national highways in India. The new rural roads had precisely zero effect on local deforestation. In contrast, the highway upgrades caused substantial forest loss, which ap...
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作者：Badel, Alejandro; Huggett, Mark; Luo, Wenlan
作者单位：Georgetown University; Tsinghua University
摘要：An established view is that the revenue maximising top tax rate for the US is approximately 73%. In contrast, the revenue maximising top tax rate is approximately 49% in our quantitative human capital model. The key reason for the lower top tax rate is the presence of two new forces not captured by the model underlying the established view. These new forces are strengthened by the endogenous response of top earners' human capital to a change in the top tax rate.
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作者：Bosker, Maarten; Buringh, Eltjo
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; Utrecht University
摘要：Iceberg transport costs are a key ingredient of modern trade and economic geography models. Using detailed information on Boston's nineteenth-century global ice trade, we show that the cost of shipping the only good that truly melts in transit is not well-proxied by this assumption. Additive cost components account for the largest part of per unit ice(berg) transport costs in practice. Moreover, the physics of the melt process and the practice of insulating the ice in transit meant that shippi...
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作者：Lippmann, Quentin; Georgieff, Alexandre; Senik, Claudia
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Paris School of Economics; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Sorbonne Universite
摘要：Using the 41-year division of Germany as a natural experiment, we show that the German Democratic Republic's gender-equal institutions created a culture that has undone the male breadwinner norm and its consequences. Since reunification, East Germany still differs from West Germany not only because of its higher female contribution to household income, but also because East German women can earn more than their husbands without having to increase their number of housework hours, put their marr...
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作者：Fajardo, Gustavo
摘要：I show that coups that break the chain of command polarise the military along hierarchical lines. I study an instance of Venezuelan history in which the political preferences of individual members of the army towards former coup leader Hugo Chavez became observable. Outranking Chavez at the time of the insubordination increases the probability of later opposing his presidency. Causal estimates rely on a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, where minimum time requirements for promotion in the...
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作者：Hertwig, Ralph; Ryall, Michael D.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Toronto
摘要：Thaler and Sunstein (2008) advance the concept of 'nudge' policies-non-regulatory and non-fiscal mechanisms designed to enlist people's cognitive biases or motivational deficits so as to guide their behaviour in a desired direction. A core assumption of this approach is that policymakers make artful use of people's cognitive biases and motivational deficits in ways that serve the ultimate interests of the nudged individual. We analyse a model of dynamic policymaking in which the policymaker's ...
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作者：Hansen, Casper Worm; Jensen, Peter Sandholt; Madsen, Peter Egedeso
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death worldwide and while treatable by antibiotics since the 1940s, drug resistant strains have emerged. This article estimates the effects of the establishment of a pre-antibiotic public health institution, known as a TB dispensary, designed to prevent the spread of the disease. Our annual difference-in-differences estimation reveals that the rollout of the dispensaries across Danish cities led to a 19% decline in the TB mortality rate, but no significa...
