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作者：Bosker, Maarten; Buringh, Eltjo
作者单位：Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute; Utrecht University
摘要：Iceberg transport costs are a key ingredient of modern trade and economic geography models. Using detailed information on Boston's nineteenth-century global ice trade, we show that the cost of shipping the only good that truly melts in transit is not well-proxied by this assumption. Additive cost components account for the largest part of per unit ice(berg) transport costs in practice. Moreover, the physics of the melt process and the practice of insulating the ice in transit meant that shippi...
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作者：Lippmann, Quentin; Georgieff, Alexandre; Senik, Claudia
作者单位：Paris School of Economics; Paris School of Economics; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); Sorbonne Universite
摘要：Using the 41-year division of Germany as a natural experiment, we show that the German Democratic Republic's gender-equal institutions created a culture that has undone the male breadwinner norm and its consequences. Since reunification, East Germany still differs from West Germany not only because of its higher female contribution to household income, but also because East German women can earn more than their husbands without having to increase their number of housework hours, put their marr...
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作者：Di Tella, Rafael; Rodrik, Dani
摘要：We study preferences for government action in response to layoffs resulting from different types of labour-market shocks. We consider: technological change, a demand shift, bad management and three kinds of international outsourcing. Support for government intervention rises sharply in response to shocks and is heavily biased towards trade protection. Trade shocks generate more demand for protectionism and, among trade shocks, outsourcing to a developing country elicits greater demand for prot...
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作者：Siddique, Abu; Vlassopoulos, Michael
作者单位：Technical University of Munich; University of Southampton
摘要：We investigate whether aversion to competing against members of the ethnically dominant group could be a contributing factor to the persistent disadvantageous socioeconomic position of ethnic minorities. We conducted a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural Bangladesh, randomly assigning participants into groups with different ethnic composition. We find that the ethnic minority group (Santal) are less likely to compete in groups where they are a numerical minority than when all competitors are ...
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作者：Cubas, German
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston
摘要：Public capital is sizable and its share in total capital is higher in poor countries. The standard development accounting approach does not distinguish it from private capital, ignoring its public good features. The goal of this paper is to measure public capital stocks for a wide range of countries, and then develop and implement a development accounting framework that explicitly includes its non-rival aspects. The paper finds that factors of production account for a significantly greater sha...
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作者：Larreguy, Horacio; Marshall, John; Snyder, James M., Jr.
作者单位：Harvard University; Columbia University
摘要：Malfeasance in local governments is common in developing democracies. Electoral accountability could mitigate such malfeasance, but may require media market structures that incentivise profit-maximising local media to report on incumbent malfeasance. We test this claim in Mexico, leveraging plausibly exogenous variation in the pre-election release of municipal audits revealing misallocated spending and access to broadcast media. We find that each additional local media station amplifies voter ...
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作者：Assuncao, Juliano; Gandour, Clarissa; Rocha, Romero; Rocha, Rudi
摘要：In 2008, the Brazilian government made the concession of rural credit in the Amazon conditional upon stricter requirements as an attempt to curb forest clearings. This article studies the impact of this innovative policy on deforestation. Difference-in-differences estimations based on a panel of municipalities show that the policy change led to a substantial reduction in deforestation, mostly in municipalities where cattle ranching is the leading economic activity. The results suggest that the...
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作者：Osborne, Martin J.; Rosenthal, Jeffrey S.; Stewart, Colin
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto
摘要：A group of privately informed individuals with common interests chooses a binary option. Each individual chooses whether to reveal her signal, at a cost. If the group is large and cannot commit to a decision rule then it takes the correct decision with high probability in one state but with probability bounded away from one in the other. It cannot do better by committing to an anonymous decision rule without transfers, but can achieve the first best if transfers between individuals are possibl...
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作者：Fajardo, Gustavo
摘要：I show that coups that break the chain of command polarise the military along hierarchical lines. I study an instance of Venezuelan history in which the political preferences of individual members of the army towards former coup leader Hugo Chavez became observable. Outranking Chavez at the time of the insubordination increases the probability of later opposing his presidency. Causal estimates rely on a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, where minimum time requirements for promotion in the...
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作者：Hertwig, Ralph; Ryall, Michael D.
作者单位：Max Planck Society; University of Toronto
摘要：Thaler and Sunstein (2008) advance the concept of 'nudge' policies-non-regulatory and non-fiscal mechanisms designed to enlist people's cognitive biases or motivational deficits so as to guide their behaviour in a desired direction. A core assumption of this approach is that policymakers make artful use of people's cognitive biases and motivational deficits in ways that serve the ultimate interests of the nudged individual. We analyse a model of dynamic policymaking in which the policymaker's ...
