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作者：Mueller, Hannes; Rohner, Dominic; Schoenholzer, David
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE); University of Lausanne; Stockholm University
摘要：Spatial analyses focus to a large extent on the 'bright side of proximity', namely voluntary (positive-sum) interactions such as, e.g., in trade and innovation. In contrast, the violent 'dark side of proximity' has often been overlooked. To address this gap, we study the role of spatial proximity in ethnic conflict, developing a structural model of spatial violence in which ethnic groups recruit fighters strategically across space. The spatial decay of violence determines the equilibrium place...
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作者：Coviello, Decio; Marino, Immacolata; Nannicini, Tommaso; Persico, Nicola
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; University of Naples Federico II; Bocconi University; Northwestern University
摘要：We study the effect of a persistent demand shock on corporate factor utilisation. Our identification strategy leverages a legislative change designed to permanently reduce spending in certain targeted municipalities. This change generates an arguably exogenous drop in the revenue of procurement firms, which differs depending on each firm's reliance for its revenue on procurement in the targeted municipalities. We find that firms responded to the demand shock by cutting capital rather than labo...
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作者：Costain, James; Nakov, Anton; Petit, Borja
作者单位：Banco de Espana; European Central Bank; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; CUNEF Universidad
摘要：We study monetary transmission in a model of state-dependent prices and wages based on 'control costs'. Stickiness arises because precise choice is costly: decision makers tolerate errors both in the timing of adjustments, and in the new level at which the price or wage is set. The model is calibrated to microdata on the size and frequency of price and wage changes. In our simulations, money shocks have less persistent real effects than in the Calvo framework; nonetheless, the model exhibits a...
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作者：Li, Shengyu; Zhang, Hongsong
作者单位：University of New South Wales Sydney; University of Hong Kong
摘要：In this paper we investigate the impact of external monitoring from the government on state-owned enterprise performance, using the variation in monitoring strength arising from a nationwide policy change and firms' geographic location in China. We utilise a structural approach to estimate input prices and productivity separately at the firm level using commonly available production data. We show that enhanced external monitoring, as a key component of corporate governance, can substantially r...
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作者：Spolaore, Enrico; Wacziarg, Romain
作者单位：Tufts University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：We investigate the determinants of the fertility decline in Europe from 1830 to 1970 using a newly constructed data set of linguistic distances between European regions. The decline resulted from the gradual diffusion of new fertility behaviour from French-speaking regions to the rest of Europe. Societies with higher education, lower infant mortality, higher urbanisation and higher population density had lower levels of fertility during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. However, th...
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作者：Karsten, Christel; Malmendier, Ulrike; Sautner, Zacharias
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Frankfurt School Finance & Management
摘要：We argue that the relative expertise of contracting parties strongly affects contractual outcomes. Using unique data on company acquisition contracts, we document that lawyers with higher expertise relative to their counterparties negotiate better risk allocation for their clients and more favourable target prices. The benefits of high expertise outweigh its costs, largely because high-expertise lawyers economise on transaction costs by shortening negotiation times. Our findings suggest a need...
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作者：Ronayne, David; Taylor, Greg
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：We study strategic interactions in markets in which firms sell to consumers both directly and via a competitive channel, such as a price comparison website or marketplace, where multiple sellers' offers are visible at once. We ask how a competitive channel's size influences market outcomes when some consumers have limited price information. A bigger competitive channel means that more consumers compare prices, increasing within-channel competition. However, we show that such seemingly pro-comp...
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作者：Algan, Yann; Malgouyres, Clement; Mayer, Thierry; Thoenig, Mathias
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Paris School of Economics; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); University of Lausanne
摘要：This paper studies how economic incentives influence cultural transmission, using a crucial expression of cultural identity: child naming decisions. Our focus is on Arabic versus non-Arabic names given in France over the 2003-2007 period. Our model of cultural transmission features three determinants: (i) vertical (parental) cultural transmission culture; (ii) horizontal (neighbourhood) influence; (iii) information on the economic penalty associated with Arabic names. We find that economic inc...
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作者：Brunt, Liam; Garcia-Penalosa, Cecilia
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Aix-Marseille Universite
摘要：A large literature characterises urbanisation as resulting from productivity growth attracting rural workers to cities. Incorporating economic geography elements into a growth model, we suggest that causation runs the other way: when rural workers move to cities, the resulting urbanisation produces technological change and productivity growth. Urban density leads to knowledge exchange and innovation, thus creating a positive feedback loop between city size and productivity that initiates susta...
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作者：Serra-Garcia, Marta
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Risk attitudes determine decision making by individuals. Theoretically, heterogeneity in risk attitudes also affects household behaviour, increasing or decreasing marital instability, depending on whether households benefit primarily from sharing public goods or risk. Using a nationally representative sample with repeated measurements of risk attitudes, this paper shows that intrahousehold heterogeneity in risk attitudes is an economically and statistically significant predictor of future mari...
