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作者：COATE, S; RAVALLION, M
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Various risk sharing arrangements are common in underdeveloped agrarian economies where households have no formal means of contract enforcement and little access to risk markets. Social insurance is still possible through repeated interaction in an environment with few informational asymmetries. In a simple repeated game model of two self-interested households facing independent income streams, we characterize the best arrangement that can be sustained as a noncooperative equilibrium. We estab...
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作者：LAU, LJ; JAMISON, DT; LIU, SC; RIVKIN, S
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Capital, labor, human capital and technical progress are the four principal sources of growth of aggregate real output. Based on data from individual Brazilian states in 1970 and 1980, an aggregate meta-production function relating aggregate real output of each state to capital, labor, average education and time is estimated. It is found that one additional year of average-education per person of the labor force increases real output by approximately 20 percent However, there is also evidence ...
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作者：RANIS, G; STEWART, F
作者单位：Yale University; University of Oxford
摘要：This paper focusses on the potentially important role of rural nonagricultural activity in the development process. Using the Hymer-Resnick Z-goods model as a point of departure, we first show that its pessimistic conclusions are based on rather restrictive assumptions as applied to the colonial period. We relax these assumptions, indicating the theoretical possibility of a substantially more positive scenario for that period. Subsequently, we analyze the role of Z-goods, traditional and nontr...
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作者：RAMA, M
摘要：This paper introduces distributional activities in one of the simplest endogenous growth models. Firms engage in investment and lobbying, with the extent of the latter determining the number of restrictive regulations in force. As a result, the growth rate increases with the private cost of passing a regulation, while dynamics include rise and decline, as in Olson's theory. The empirical evidence is from Uruguay, a relatively wealthy country that has dramatically lagged behind. It shows that r...
