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作者：Lahiri, S; Raimondos-Moller, P
作者单位：University of Essex; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：This paper considers the welfare effects of foreign aid that is tied to changes in the recipient's tariff. By constructing a three-country model with tariffs, and by allowing for changes both in the amount of aid and in the tariff rates, we are able to consider the welfare implications of two different rules of aid conditionality: (i) a rule which leaves the donor's welfare unchanged, and (ii) a rule which leaves the recipient government's total revenue unchanged. It is shown that the tying of...
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作者：Grepperud, S
作者单位：Statistics Norway
摘要：Most studies on the problem of optimal soil conservation have analyzed soil conservation measures as being time-limited in their effect. This paper extends previous analyses of the soil conservation decision by allowing farmers to make investments in soil conservation structures such as terraces, bundles and ditches. It shows that the main conclusions arrived at in previous studies remain valid, The long-term effects of unanticipated permanent changes in prices and discount rates may go either...
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作者：dePineres, SAG; Ferrantino, M
摘要：It is frequently suggested that export diversification, or the progression from 'traditional' to 'non-traditional' exports, is an important component of export-led growth. This paper constructs several measures of diversification and structural change in exports in the context of the Chilean experience of the last 30 years. We find that since the mid-1970s, Chilean growth has been accompanied by export diversification, while little diversification had taken place previously. Structural change ...
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作者：Velenchik, AD
作者单位：Wellesley College
摘要：This paper uses matched employer-employee data from a survey of 201 manufacturing firms and 1609 of their workers conducted in Zimbabwe in the summer of 1933, The results indicate that there is a substantial premium associated with employment in larger firms, and that this premium cannot be explained by differences in worker quality and job characteristics, nor is it eliminated by controlling for unionization, minimum wages or other forms of government intervention, The size premium is much la...
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作者：Eskeland, GS; Feyzioglu, TN
作者单位：The World Bank; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); International Monetary Fund
摘要：Our motivation for estimating a demand system for gasoline and cars is its strategic relevance to policy objectives such as pollution control: if demand is responsive to pricing, demand reductions for polluting goods will provide an important share of the pollution reductions; otherwise, cleaner technologies will have to do most of the job. We estimate a model of gasoline demand and car ownership in Mexico, using a panel of annual observations by state. Key features that we introduce include i...
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作者：Klein, MW; Marion, NP
作者单位：Tufts University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper is an empirical investigation of the duration of exchange-rate pegs in 16 Latin American countries and Jamaica. We identify factors that influence peg duration using legit analysis. The real exchange rate and the level of international liquidity are significant determinants of the monthly likelihood of devaluation. Structural variables, such as the openness of an economy and its geographical trade concentration, and political variables, such as changes in the executive, also signifi...
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作者：Knight, M; Santaella, JA
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：We analyze factors that lead to IMF approval of financial arrangements. We account for both economic variables that induce a country to seek an IMF arrangement ('demand-side' factors) and macroeconomic policy commitments that the IMF considers when deciding whether to approve it ('supply-side' factors). Using a pooled sample of annual observations for 91 developing countries over 1973-1991, we obtain maximum likelihood bivariate and univariate probit estimates of the approval of an IMF arrange...
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作者：Krishna, K; Martin, W; Tan, LH
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank; International Monetary Fund
摘要：In this paper, we make use of recently available data on Indonesian Multi-Fibre Arrangement quota license prices to examine the accuracy of the procedure commonly used in the literature to impute such prices from Hong Kong data. We find that the actual Indonesian license prices fall short of the imputed license prices in most instances. We provide some possible explanations for this outcome, and re-do the calculations to adjust for these additional considerations. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
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作者：Byrne, MM
作者单位：Baylor College of Medicine
摘要：Potential conflicts between economic growth and environmental degradation are central to the sustainable development debate. An endogenous growth model is used to investigate tradeoffs between economic growth and environmental quality, where growth is dependent on technology improvements, emissions are generated during final goods production, and physical resources can be used to abate pollution. Pollution growth is higher in a decentralized economy, but technology growth rates can not be rank...
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作者：Mendoza, EG
作者单位：Duke University
摘要：This paper examines a stochastic endogenous growth model in which terms-of-trade uncertainty affects savings and growth. The model explains the well-known positive link between growth and the mean rate of change of terms of trade,and predicts also that terms-of-trade variability affects growth. Increased terms-of-trade variability results in faster or slower growth depending on the degree of risk aversion, but in either case it reduces social welfare. These growth effects imply that welfare co...
