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作者：Lamb, RL
作者单位：North Carolina State University
摘要：This paper examines the role that land quality and imperfect markets play in generating the inverse productivity relationship in the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) data. Differences in land quality largely explain the Inverse Productivity (IP) relationship in the random effects profit regression, but not in labor demand regressions. Controlling for labor and land market failures and differences in soil quality eliminates the IP relationship for male l...
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作者：Leonard, KL
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：Even with the expansion of modem medicine, African traditional healers remain popular. This paper advances an economic perspective of healers to contribute to an explanation of this phenomenon. An important element of their practice has previously been ignored: healers use and are able to enforce outcome-contingent contracts. This, in turn, allows them to credibly deliver high quality care. Data on patient choice of health facility from Cameroun shows that patients choose healers over modem fa...
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作者：Ahmed, S
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：This paper studies the sources of economic fluctuations and their implications for exchange rate regime choice in key Latin American countries. In general, external shocks play a limited role in driving output fluctuations in these countries; this absence of common business cycles undermines the case for fixed exchange rates. On the other hand, although there is some evidence that real exchange rates depreciate in response to adverse external shocks, this depreciation, in turn, tends to contra...
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作者：Yanikkaya, H
作者单位：Celal Bayar University
摘要：This paper demonstrates that trade liberalization does not have a simple and straightforward relationship with growth using a large number of openness measures for a cross section of countries over the last three decades. We use two groups of trade openness measures. The regression results for numerous trade intensity ratios are mostly consistent with the existing literature. However, contrary to the conventional view on the growth effects of trade barriers, our estimation results show that tr...
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作者：Michael, MS
作者单位：University of Cyprus
摘要：An important issue in public policy debates is the effect of international migration on welfare in source and host countries. We address this issue by constructing a general equilibrium model of a two-class source or host country. Each country produces many traded and non-traded goods, uses income taxes and distributes the tax receipts equally to all individuals. The analysis examines the effects of permanent migration on class, and national welfare. We show, among other things, that marginal ...
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作者：Ren, LQ; Rangazas, P
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Indianapolis; University of Chicago
摘要：This paper establishes the existence of multiple equilibria that help explain why some countries remain poor and diverge from the economic progress experienced by rich countries. Endogenous growth models cannot explain the negative correlation between work-lives and long-run growth rates. Extending growth models to explain this negative correlation leads to multiple equilibria; one with long work-lives and low rates of growth and another with short work-lives and high rates of growth. (C) 2002...
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作者：Harrison, GW; Rutherford, TF; Tarr, DG
作者单位：The World Bank; University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver
摘要：Even if trade liberalization results in aggregate welfare gains over all households, it is possible that the poorest households could lose. We illustrate two approaches to designing trade liberalization in Turkey which ensure that the poor will not lose. The first approach uses direct compensation to losers. The second approach uses limited policy reform, where exceptions to the across-the-board reform are chosen to meet the equity goal. In each case, we map out some of the efficiency costs of...
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作者：Jain, S; Mansuri, G
作者单位：University of Virginia; The World Bank
摘要：Informal lenders appear to be thriving even in regions where microfinance institutions (MFIs), such as the Grameen Bank, have established lending programs. We suggest that an explanation for this well-documented observation lies in the ubiquitous use of regularly scheduled repayments by MFIs. Borrowers are typically required to repay their loans in tightly structured installments, beginning soon after loan disbursement. This little-remarked aspect of the repayment schedule is usually explained...
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作者：Woo, J
作者单位：DePaul University; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：This paper is motivated by an important puzzle that arises from the contrasting macroeconomic experience across developing regions in the recent decades. In sharp contrast to East Asia, the fiscal policies in much of Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa are characterized by large fiscal deficits and volatilities of fiscal outcomes. In order to address both large deficits and volatile fiscal outcomes, we develop a simple model of endogenous fiscal policy in which government spending is strategi...
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作者：Marjit, S
摘要：We attempt to trace the consequences of liberal economic policies on informal wage in a general equilibrium model with formal informal labor markets, wage-differential, vertical linkage and restricted capital movement. In particular, we show that the informal wage, representing income for a vast segment of unskilled labor may actually increase even if more people are employed in the informal segment. This also confirms that a contraction in the formal sector employment and the consequent expan...
