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作者：Wang, P; Xie, DY
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Vanderbilt University
摘要：This paper constructs an integrated framework to disentangle the underlying economic mechanism of industrial transformation. We consider three essential elements for the analysis: skill requirements, industry-wide spillovers and degrees of consumption subsistence. We find that human and nonhuman resources, production factor matching and industrial coordination are all important for activating a modem industry. In the process of industrial transformation, job destruction may exceed job creation...
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作者：Bertocchi, G; Spagat, M
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London; Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia
摘要：We study the evolution of an educational system founded on a hierarchical differentiation between vocational and general education, with vocational playing an inferior role in the society. The dynamics are best summarized by the ratio of the fraction of the population in vocational to that in general education, which we interpret as a measure of the degree of stratification of the society. We show that this ratio first rises and then declines with the level of development, displaying an invert...
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作者：Bustos, A; Engel, EMRA; Galetovic, A
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Universidad de Chile
摘要：On theoretical grounds alone, there is no a priori reason why higher taxes should reduce the desired capital stock, since a tax increase reduces marginal returns but also increases depreciation and interest payment allowances. Using a panel of Chilean corporations, this paper estimates a long-run demand for capital valid for a general adjustment-cost structure. Changes in the corporate tax rate are found to have no effect on the long-run demand for capital. Furthermore, when making investment ...
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作者：Guriev, S
作者单位：New Economic School
摘要：We study the emergence and interaction of red tape and corruption in a principal-bureaucrat-agent hierarchy. The principal is to provide the agent with a unit of a good that involves externalities so that market mechanisms fail to achieve first best. Red tape produces information but is costly to the agent and is administered by a corrupt bureaucrat. First, the bureaucrat may extort bribes from the agent in exchange for reducing the amount of red tape. Second, the bureaucrat may take bribes to...
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作者：Bandyopadhyay, S; Majumdar, B
作者单位：West Virginia University
摘要：It has been established that under free trade, transfers that are proportional to the trade volumes of recipient nations cannot immiserize them. We investigate this result in the context of a three-country model of export taxation (by recipient nations). Proportional transfers can be immiscrizing in the presence of fixed export taxes. Under Nash welfare maximizing export taxes, proportional transfers cannot immiserize the recipients. Consequences of asymmetry in size and in Nash equilibrium ta...
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作者：Bergoeing, R; Loayza, N; Repetto, A
作者单位：Universidad de Chile; The World Bank
摘要：Economies respond differently to aggregate shocks that reduce output. While some countries rapidly recover their pre-crisis trend, others stagnate. Recent studies provide empirical support for a link between aggregate growth and plant dynamics through its effect on productivity: the entry and exit of firms and the reallocation of resources from less to more efficient firms explain a relevant part of transitional productivity dynamics. In this paper, we use a stochastic general equilibrium mode...
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作者：Estache, A; Laffont, JJ; Zhang, XZ
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Chinese Academy of Social Sciences; University of Southern California
摘要：In this paper we develop a model with adverse selection on the productive efficiency of workers in the private sector to analyze the downsizing problem in a public enterprise. Workers are distinguished by an inside productivity factor. Our result shows that reallocation of labor in the optimal downsizing mechanism depends on the comparative advantage of workers in public versus private production and on the size of asymmetric information. In particular, if information asymmetry is small, rando...
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作者：Giné, X; Townsend, RM
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：The objective of this paper is to assess both the aggregate growth effects and the distributional consequences of financial liberalization as observed in Thailand from 1976 to 1996. A general equilibrium occupational choice model with two sectors, one without intermediation and the other with borrowing and lending is taken to Thai data. Key parameters of the production technology and the distribution of entrepreneurial talent are estimated by maximizing the likelihood of transition into busine...
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作者：Bergoeing, R; Repetto, A; Edwards, S
作者单位：Universidad de Chile; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
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作者：Clark, XM; Dollar, D; Micco, A
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Recent literature has emphasized the importance of transport costs and infrastructure in explaining trade, access to markets, and increases in per capita income. For most Latin American countries, transport costs are a greater barrier to U.S. markets than import tariffs. We investigate the determinants of shipping costs to the United States with a large database of more than 300,000 observations per year on shipments of products aggregated at six-digit Harmonized System (HS) level from differe...
