-
作者：Murata, Yasusada
作者单位：Nihon University
摘要：This paper presents a model of structural change and agglomeration. A decline in transportation costs, by enhancing consumers' purchasing power, leads to Engel's law of the demand shift from agricultural to non-agricultural goods. At the same time, the decline in transportation costs, by enlarging the extent of the market for non-agricultural goods, induces Petty's law of the labor reallocation from agriculture to non-agricultural activities. These structural transformations weaken dispersion ...
-
作者：Jalan, Jyotsna; Somanathan, E.
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi
摘要：To what extent does information affect the demand for environmental quality? A randomly selected group of households in an Indian city were informed whether or not their drinking water had tested positive for fecal contamination using a simple, inexpensive test kit. Households initially not purifying their water and told that their drinking water was possibly contaminated, were I I percentage points more likely to begin some form of home purification in the next eight weeks than households tha...
-
作者：Kreickemeier, Udo; Raimondos-Moller, Pascalis
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of Nottingham; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Reducing tariffs and increasing consumption taxes is a standard IMF advice to countries that want to open up their economy without hurting government finances. Indeed, theoretical analysis of such a tariff-tax reform shows an unambiguous increase in welfare and government revenues. The present paper examines whether the country that implements such a reform ends up opening up its markets to international trade, i.e. whether its market access improves. It is shown that this is not necessarily s...
-
作者：Gibson, John; Stillman, Steven; Le, Trinh
作者单位：University of Waikato
摘要：The economies of the former Soviet Bloc experienced large declines in output during the decade of transition which began with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Yet there are many reasons to believe that measured output and official deflators provide a poor proxy for the change in real living standards in transition economies. This paper uses the Engel curve methodology developed by Hamilton [Hamilton, B. 2001. Using Engel's Law to Estimate CPI Bias American Economic Review 91(3): 619-6...
-
作者：Luintel, Kul B.; Khan, Mosahid; Arestis, Philip; Theodoridis, Konstantinos
作者单位：Cardiff University; University of Cambridge
摘要：Recent empirical work on financial structure and economic growth analyzes multi-country dataset in panel and/or cross-section frameworks and concludes that financial structure is irrelevant. We highlight their shortcomings and re-examine this issue utilizing a time series and a Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel methods. Our sample consists of fourteen countries. Tests reveal that cross-country data cannot be pooled. Financial structure significantly explains output levels in most countries. The resu...
-
作者：Alix-Garcia, Jennifer
作者单位：University of San Francisco
摘要：This paper analyzes the household level forces driving the positive impact of inequality on common property forest cover in Mexico. A game theoretic model demonstrates that when common property goods are complementary to private inputs in production, an increase in wealth inequality can lead to a decrease in exploitation of the commons. Data from 350 Mexican common properties show that as inequality increases, those on the lower end of the land distribution are less likely to use the commons. ...
-
作者：Mitra, Devashish; Ranjan, Priya
作者单位：Syracuse University; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：we construct a model of offshoring with externalities and firm heterogeneity. Due to the presence of externalities, temporary shocks like the Y2K problem can have permanent effects, i.e., they can permanently raise the extent of offshoring in an industry. Also, the initial advantage of a country as a potential host for outsourcing activities can create a lock in effect, whereby late movers have a comparative disadvantage. Furthermore, the existence of firm heterogeneity along with externalitie...
-
作者：Strulik, Holger
作者单位：Leibniz University Hannover
摘要：This paper investigates the impact of subsistence consumption and extrinsic and intrinsic causes of child mortality on fertility and child expenditure. It offers a theory for why mankind multiplies at higher rates at geographically unfavorable, tropical locations. Placed into a macroeconomic framework this behavior creates an indirect channel through which geography shapes economic performance. It is explained why it are countries of low absolute latitude where we observe exceedingly slow (if ...
-
作者：Kasahara, Hiroyuki; Rodrigue, Joel
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario); Queens University - Canada
摘要：This paper examines whether importing intermediate goods improves plant performance. While addressing the issue of simultaneous productivity shocks and decisions to import intermediates, we estimate the impact foreign intermediates have on plants' productivity using plant-level Chilean manufacturing panel data. Across different estimators, we find evidence that becoming an importer of foreign intermediates improves productivity. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
-
作者：Fafchamps, Marcel; Shilpi, Forhad
作者单位：University of Oxford; The World Bank
摘要：The recent literature has shown that subjective welfare depends on relative income. Much of the existing evidence comes from developed economics. What remains unclear is whether this is a universal human trait or an artifact of a prosperous, market-oriented lifestyle. Using data from Nepal, a mountainous country where many households still live in relative isolation, we test whether poorer and more isolated households care less about relative consumption. We find that they do not. We investiga...
