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作者：Malik, Adeel; Temple, Jonathan R. W.
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of Oxford; University of Oxford
摘要：This paper examines the structural determinants of output volatility in developing countries, and especially the roles of geography and institutions. We investigate the volatility effects of market access, climate variability, the geographic predisposition to trade, and various measures of institutional quality. We find an especially important role for market access: remote countries are more likely to have undiversified exports and to experience greater volatility in output growth. Our result...
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作者：Angeles, Luis; Neanidis, Kyriakos C.
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of Glasgow
摘要：We study the importance of the local elite as a determinant of the effectiveness of foreign aid in developing countries. The local elite serves as an intermediary between aid donors and aid recipients through its control of the government and major firms. The likelihood of misusing aid is large if the elite is characterized by extensive economic and political power and little concern for social groups besides itself. To determine which countries have this type of elite we use a historically de...
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作者：Arellano, Cristina; Bulir, Ales; Lane, Timothy; Lipschitz, Leslie
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; International Monetary Fund
摘要：The paper examines the effects of aid and its volatility on consumption, investment, and the structure of production in the context of an intertemporal two-sector general equilibrium model, calibrated using data for aid-dependent countries in Africa. A permanent flow of aid mainly finances consumption rather than investment-consistent with the historical failure of aid inflows to translate into sustained growth. Large aid flows are associated with higher real exchange rates and smaller tradabl...
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作者：Frensch, Richard; Wittich, Vitalija Gaucaite
作者单位：University of Regensburg; University of Regensburg
摘要：Motivated by growth models based on the variety of capital goods, recent empirical studies have established links between productivity and several trade-based measures of product variety, carrying the implication that these measures may represent technology. We study this implication by explicitly proposing the variety of capital goods available for production as a direct measure of the state of technology. Within a simple growth and development framework, we derive a 'conditional technologica...
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作者：Ito, Takahiro
作者单位：Hitotsubashi University
摘要：This paper is in empirical attempt to quantify caste-based discrimination in the labor market using household data taken from rural North India. In the regression analysis, transaction costs associated with entry into the labor market and reservation wages are estimated simultaneously along with market wages. The estimation results provide evidence of the existence of transaction costs in the labor market and discrimination against backward classes with regard to access to regular employment. ...
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作者：Dean, Judith M.; Lovely, Mary E.; Wang, Hua
作者单位：Syracuse University; The World Bank
摘要：At the center of the pollution haven debate is the claim that foreign investors from industrial countries are attracted to weak environment regulations in developing countries. Some recent location choice studies have found evidence of this attraction, but only for inward FDI in industrial countries. The few studies of inward FDI in developing countries have been hampered by weak measures of environmental stringency and by insufficient data to estimate variation in firm response by pollution i...
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作者：Hauner, David
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：We examine the role of public debt in financial development. The literature has highlighted its Supportive role through providing collateral and benchmark. We contrast this safe asset view to a lazy banks view: developing banking sectors that lend mainly to the public sector may develop more slowly, because it could make banks profitable but inefficient. Results from country-level and bank-level regressions are more supportive of the lazy banks view. but the safe asset view seems to play a rol...
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作者：O'Donnell, Owen; Nicolas, Angel Lopez; Van Doorslaer, Eddy
作者单位：University of Macedonia; Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena; Pompeu Fabra University; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC
摘要：Over a five-year period in the 1990s Vietnam experienced annual economic growth of more than 8% and a 15 point decrease in the proportion of children chronically malnourished (stunted). We estimate the extent to which changes in the distribution of child nutritional status can be explained by changes in the level and distribution of income, and of other covariates. This is done using data from the 1993 and 1998 Vietnam Living Standards Surveys and a flexible decomposition technique based on qu...
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作者：Di Maria, Corrado; Stryszowski, Piotr
作者单位：University College Dublin; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：We study how the possibility of migration changes the composition of human capital in sending countries, and how this affects development. In our model, growth is driven by productivity growth, which occurs via imitation or innovation. Both activities use the same types of skilled labour as input, albeit with different intensities. Heterogenous agents accumulate skills in response to economic incentives. Migration distorts these incentives, and the accumulation of human capital. This slows dow...
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作者：Pellicer, Miquel
作者单位：Mohammed V University in Rabat
摘要：This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the observed high persistence of cross-country differences in inequality. It focuses on the interactions between inequality and the predominance of either horizontal coalitions (among individuals of similar economic status) or vertical ones (among individuals with different economic status). A model is proposed showing that the interactions between inequality and the type of coalition formed in a society can give rise to self-sustained...
