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作者：Epple, Dennis; Romano, Richard
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of Florida; Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Epple and Romano (1998) show equilibrium provision of education by public and private schools has the latter skim off the wealthiest and most-able students, and universal vouchers lead to further cream skimming. Here we study voucher design that injects private-school competition and increases technical efficiencies without cream skimming. Conditioning vouchers on student ability without restriction on participating schools' policies fails to affect significantly cream skimming. However, by ad...
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作者：Foster, James E.; Szekely, Miguel
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：We propose the use of an alternative methodology to track low incomes based on Atkinson's equally distributed equivalent income functions or general means and present a new characterization to justify their application. To evaluate the effects of growth on lower incomes, growth rates are compared for two income standards: the ordinary mean and a low-income-sensitive general mean. The question is: How closely related are these two variables? After estimating the growth elasticity, we find that ...
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作者：Duclos, Jean-Yves; Makdissi, Paul; Wodon, Quentin
作者单位：Laval University; University of Ottawa
摘要：This article proposes graphical methods to determine whether commodity tax changes are socially improving, in the sense of improving social welfare or decreasing poverty for large classes of social welfare and poverty indices. It also shows how estimators of critical poverty lines and economic efficiency ratios can be used to characterize socially improving tax reforms. The methodology is illustrated using Mexican data.
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作者：Bernal, Raquel
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：This article develops and estimates a dynamic model of employment and child care decisions of women after childbirth to evaluate the effects of these choices on children's cognitive ability. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to estimate it. Results indicate that the effects of maternal employment and child care on children's ability are negative and sizable. Having a mother that works full-time and uses child care during one year is associated with a reduction in abili...
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作者：Coles, Melvyn; Petrongolo, Barbara
作者单位：University of Essex; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：This article tests between the standard random matching function approach and stock-flow matching while controlling for temporal aggregation bias. Consistent with previous empirical work, the random matching function fits the matching data reasonably well. But match flows are more highly correlated with vacancy inflows than is consistent with the random matching approach. Instead the data support stock-flow matching, where unemployed workers match directly with suitable new vacancies as such v...
