-
作者：Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Meland, Frode; Straume, Odd Rune
作者单位：Universidade do Minho; University of Bergen
摘要：We study how incentives for North-South technology transfers in multinational enterprises are affected by labour market institutions. If workers are collectively organised, incentives for technology transfers are partly governed by firms' desire to curb trade union power. Higher union bargaining power in the North leads to more technology transfer along two different dimensions - skill upgrading of Southern workers and quality upgrading of products produced in the South - possibly to the exten...
-
作者：Mansour, Hani; Rees, Daniel I.
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Denver; Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：No previous study has estimated the effect of intrauterine exposure to armed conflict on pregnancy outcomes. Drawing on data from the 2004 Palestinian Demographic and Health Survey, which was conducted approximately 4 years after the start of the al-Aqsa Intifada, we find that an additional conflict-related fatality 9-6 months before birth is associated with a modest increase in the probability of having a child who weighed less than 2500 g. There is also evidence, albeit less consistent, of a...
-
作者：Glewwe, Paul; Kassouf, Ana Lucia
作者单位：University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Universidade de Sao Paulo
摘要：We examine the impact of Brazil's Bolsa Escola/Familia program on Brazilian children's education outcomes. Bolsa provides cash payments to poor households if their children (ages 6 to 15) are enrolled in school. Using school census data to compare changes in enrollment, dropping out and grade promotion across schools that adopted Bolsa at different times, we estimate that the program has: increased enrollment by about 5.5% (6.5%) in grades 1-4 (grades 5-8); lowered dropout rates by 0.5 (0.4) p...
-
作者：Iacovone, Leonardo
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper shows how trade liberalization can have an asymmetric effect on heterogeneous firms. It develops a neo-Schumpeterian growth model predicting that the impact of liberalization on economic performance is positive on average, but more advanced firms benefit more. These predictions are tested using Mexican plant-level data confirming that, under NAFTA, the liberalization spurred productivity growth on average. However, the empirical analysis goes beyond estimating the average effect of ...
-
作者：Caeyers, Bet; Chalmers, Neil; De Weerdt, Joachim
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：This paper reports on a randomized survey experiment among 1840 households, designed to compare pen-and-paper interviewing (PAPI) to computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAM). We find that PAPI data contain a large number of errors, which can be avoided in CAPI. Error counts are not randomly distributed across the sample, but are correlated with household characteristics, potentially introducing sample bias if dubious observations need to be dropped. We demonstrate a tendency for the sprea...
-
作者：Fernandes, Ana M.; Paunov, Caroline
作者单位：The World Bank; Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD)
摘要：This paper examines the impact of substantial foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows in producer service sectors on the total factor productivity (TFP) of Chilean manufacturing firms. Positive effects are obtained in firm fixed effects instrumental variables regressions and show that forward linkages from FDI in services explain 7% of the observed increase in Chile's manufacturing users' TFP. Our findings also suggest that service FDI fosters innovation activities in manufacturing. Moreover, ...
-
作者：Khandker, Shahidur R.
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Seasonal food deprivation in Bangladesh, locally known as Monga, sometimes rises to the level of famine during the pre-harvest period of aman rice. An analysis of household income and expenditure survey data shows that income and consumption are lower during Monga than in other seasons, and that seasonal income greatly influences seasonal consumption. Econometric estimates reject the hypothesis of perfect consumption smoothing. In the northwestern region of greater Rangpur, rural households su...
-
作者：Breuer, Janice Boucher; McDermott, John
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia
摘要：Trust is an important determinant of economic development. Understanding its origins is therefore critical. We develop a principal-agent model with heterogeneous players to determine the aggregate amount of trustworthiness and trust in a society. People are distributed according to their preference toward caution, which we model as loss aversion. The first two moments of the distribution across principals and agents along with institutional quality are critical to the process by which trustwor...
-
作者：Verma, Rubina
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：This paper examines the factors responsible for generating the services led growth witnessed in the Indian economy during 1980-2005. A sectoral growth accounting exercise shows that total factor productivity (TFP) growth was the fastest for services; moreover this TFP increase was significant in accounting for service sector value added growth. A growth model with agriculture, industry and services as three principal sectors is calibrated to Indian data using sectoral TFP growth rates. The bas...
-
作者：Hotte, Louis; Winer, Stanley L.
作者单位：University of Ottawa; Carleton University; Carleton University
摘要：Acknowledging the differential ability of individuals to privately mitigate the consequences of domestic pollution for their health is essential for an understanding of their demands for regulation of the environment and of trade in dirty goods, and for analysis of the implications of these demands for equilibrium policy choices. In a small open economy with exogenous policy, we first explain how private mitigation at a cost results in an unequal distribution of the health consequences of poll...
