-
作者：Bosch, Mariano; Esteban-Pretel, Julen
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：In developing economies, the fraction of informal workers can be as high as 70% of total employment. For economies with significant informal sectors, business cycle fluctuations and labor market policy interventions can have important effects not only on the unemployment rate, but also on the allocation of workers across regulated and unregulated jobs. In this paper, using worker flows data from Brazil, we build, calibrate, and simulate a two-sector search and matching labor market model, in w...
-
作者：Gorgens, Tue; Meng, Xin; Vaithianathan, Rhema
作者单位：Australian National University; University of Auckland
摘要：Many developing countries experience famine. If survival is related to height, the increasingly common practice of using height as a measure of well-being may be misleading. We devise a novel method for disentangling the stunting from the selection effects of famine. Using data from the 1959-1961 Great Chinese Famine, we find that taller children were more likely to survive the famine. Controlling for selection, we estimate that children under the age of five who survived the famine grew up to...
-
作者：Guenther, Isabel; Launov, Andrey
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：There is an ongoing debate among researchers and policy makers, whether informal sector employment is a result of competitive market forces or labor market segmentation. More recently it has been argued that none of the two theories sufficiently explains informal employment, but that the informal sector shows a heterogenous structure. For some workers the informal sector is an attractive employment opportunity, whereas for others - rationed out of the formal sector - the informal sector is a s...
-
作者：Sharp, Paul; Strulik, Holger; Weisdorf, Jacob
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Leibniz University Hannover
摘要：This study constructs a simple, two-sector Malthusian model with agriculture and industry, and uses it to identify the determinants of income in a Malthusian equilibrium. We make standard assumptions about preferences and technologies, but in contrast to existing studies we assume that children and other consumption goods are gross substitutes. Consistent with the conventional Malthusian model, the present theory shows that productivity growth in agriculture has no effect on equilibrium income...
-
作者：Cole, Shawn; Healy, Andrew; Werker, Eric
作者单位：Harvard University; Loyola Marymount University
摘要：Using rainfall, public relief, and election data from India, we examine how governments respond to adverse shocks and how voters react to these responses. The data show that voters punish the incumbent party for weather events beyond its control. However, fewer voters punish the ruling party when its government responds vigorously to the crisis, indicating that voters reward the government for responding to disasters. We also find evidence suggesting that voters only respond to rainfall and go...
-
作者：Gallego, Francisco A.; Tessada, Jose A.
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：While the aggregate effects of sudden stops and international financial crises are well known, the disaggregated channels through which they work are not well explored yet. In this paper, using job flows from a sectoral panel dataset for four Latin American countries, we find that sudden stops are characterized as periods of lower job creation and increased job destruction. Moreover, these effects are heterogeneous across sectors: we find that when a sudden stop occurs, sectors with higher dep...
-
作者：Hoyland, Bjorn; Moene, Karl; Willumsen, Fredrik
作者单位：University of Oslo; Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO); Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)
摘要：International index rankings are popular, but perhaps too persuasive. They emphasize country differences where similarity is the dominant feature. Rankings based on Doing Business, the Human Development Index and Freedom House can be misleading, not because of wrong indicators, but because the estimation of the scores ignores inherent uncertainty. Re-estimated with a method that captures this uncertainty, it becomes clear that ranking every adjacent country is a rather courageous activity. (C)...
-
作者：Mundlak, Yair; Butzer, Rita; Larson, Donald F.
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem; The World Bank
摘要：Economic growth involves reallocating resources from traditional to new techniques of production, creating new relationships between particular resources and productivity. The paper analyzes the implications of this process on the estimation of agricultural production functions using a panel of countries. The data includes a measure of capital in agriculture absent from most studies. We employ a heterogeneous technology framework where implemented technology is chosen jointly with inputs to in...
-
作者：Brandt, Loren; Van Biesebroeck, Johannes; Zhang, Yifan
作者单位：KU Leuven; University of Toronto; Lingnan University
摘要：We present the first comprehensive set of firm-level total factor productivity (TFP) estimates for China's manufacturing sector that spans China's entry into the WTO. For our preferred estimate, which adjusts for a number of potential sources of measurement error and bias, the weighted average annual productivity growth for incumbents is 2.85% for a gross output production function and 7.96% for a value added production function over the period 1998-2007. This is among the highest compared to ...
-
作者：Freund, Caroline; Pierola, Martha Denisse
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：How can developing countries stimulate and sustain strong export growth? To answer this question, we examine 92 episodes of export surges, defined as significant increases in manufacturing export growth that are sustained for at least 7 years. We find that export surges in developing countries tend to be preceded by a large real depreciation, which leaves the exchange rate significantly undervalued. In contrast, in developed countries, the role of the exchange rate is less pronounced. We exami...
