2019

最新文章

• Heterogeneous effects of imperfectly enforced minimum wages in low-wage labor markets AI翻译
  作者：Soundararajan, Vidhya
  作者单位：Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  摘要：We present minimum wage effects across different enforcement regimes. Exploiting state-time variation and policy discontinuities at contiguous districts across state borders in India, we show that the effect of minimum wages on wages and employment significantly increases with an increase in enforcement. In weak enforcement regimes, estimated wage effects are negligible and employment effects are negative or null. In stricter regimes, wage effects are positive and strong, and employment effect...
• How does intergenerational investment respond to changes in the marriage market? Evidence from China AI翻译
  作者：Han, Li; Shi, Xinzheng
  作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Tsinghua University
  摘要：This paper examines how intergenerational investment responds to changes in the marriage market. Two major channels are modeled and empirically tested: first, expecting gender-specific impacts on the future marriage market for their children, parents' adjustments in educational investment differ by the gender of children, and second, changes in marriage market conditions have contemporaneous impacts on intrahousehold bargaining because they change existing couples' remarriage options, which af...
• Women as decision makers in community forest management: Evidence from Nepal AI翻译
  作者：Leone, Marinella
  作者单位：University of Sussex
  摘要：In many developing countries women are responsible for the collection and management of forest products essential to the daily lives of their household. However, women are often neglected in the decision-making process within community level institutions devoted to the management of natural resources. This paper looks at whether and how an increased participation of women in the Executive Committee (EC) of Community Forest User Groups (FUG) in Nepal affects forest protection. I exploit an amen...
• Polarization, foreign military intervention, and civil conflict AI翻译
  作者：Abu-Bader, Suleiman; Ianchovichina, Elena
  作者单位：Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; The World Bank
  摘要：This paper tests whether foreign military intervention helps explain conflict by intensifying polarization. Building on the seminal papers of Montalvo and Reynal-Querol (2005) and Esteban and Ray (2011) and using a panel for 138 countries from 1960 to 2005, we confirm that ethnic polarization is a robust predictor of civil war. However, we also find that religious polarization is positively and significantly associated with civil conflict in the presence of foreign military intervention of non...
• The limits of meritocracy: Screening bureaucrats under imperfect verifiability AI翻译
  作者：Serrato, Juan Carlos Suarez; Wang, Xiao Yu; Zhang, Shuang
  作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
  摘要：Does bureaucratic ability predict promotion in governments? We show that self-reported performance in enforcing the One Child Policy predicts mayoral promotion in China. However, misreporting handicaps screening-a non-manipulated performance measure does not predict promotion. We show that this is consistent with a model where a government has a meritocratic objective but underestimates the imperfect verifiability of performance, rather than a model where a government is only interested in the...
• Conflict and counterinsurgency aid: Drawing sectoral distinctions AI翻译
  作者：Child, Travers Barclay
  作者单位：China Europe International Business School
  摘要：We examine the impact of counterinsurgency aid on conflict in Afghanistan from 2005 to 2009. To enable this analysis we combine unique aid project data from NATO, household data from the Afghan government, and conflict data from US government sources. Our panel data analysis accounts for district and time period fixed effects across 398 districts and 57 months. Projects in the health sector successfully promote stability, whereas those in the education sector actually provoke conflict. Our fin...
• A new spin on an old debate: Errors in farmer-reported production and their implications for inverse scale - Productivity relationship in Uganda AI翻译
  作者：Gourlay, Sydney; Kilic, Talip; Lobell, David B.
  作者单位：American University; The World Bank; Stanford University
  摘要：Based on a two-round household panel survey conducted in Eastern Uganda, this study shows that the analysis of the inverse scale-productivity relationship (IR) is highly sensitive to how plot-level maize production is measured. While farmer-reported production-based plot-level maize yield regressions consistently lend support to the IR, the comparable regressions estimated with maize yields based on sub-plot crop cutting, full-plot crop cutting, and remote sensing point towards constant return...
• Size-dependent tax enforcement and compliance: Global evidence and aggregate implications AI翻译
  作者：Bachas, Pierre; Jaef, Roberto N. Fattal; Jensen, Anders
  作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
  摘要：This paper studies how tax enforcement and tax compliance varies with firm size and its macroeconomic consequences. The identification strategy uses the ranking of industries' average firm size in the United States as an instrument for the size ranking of the same industries in developing countries. Data on 125,000 firms in 140 countries shows that tax enforcement and compliance increase with firm size. When quantified in a general equilibrium model, removing size dependent taxation leads to g...
• The long-term determinants of female HIV infection in Africa: The slave trade, polygyny, and sexual behavior AI翻译
  作者：Bertocchi, Graziella; Dimico, Arcangelo
  作者单位：Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia; Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia; Queens University Belfast; Queens University Belfast
  摘要：We study the long-term determinants of the high rates of female HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on the transatlantic slave trade. Our hypothesis is that the latter contributed to the contemporaneous diffusion of polygyny and associated forms of social and sexual behavior that are conducive to HIV infection. We uncover that an increase in the rate of historical slave density causes a sizeable and robust increase in the rate of HIV prevalence, with a more marked effect among m...
• Correlated non-classical measurement errors, 'Second best' policy inference, and the inverse size-productivity relationship in agriculture AI翻译
  作者：Abay, Kibrom A.; Abate, Gashaw T.; Barrett, Christopher B.; Bernard, Tanguy
  作者单位：CGIAR; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI); CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Cornell University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); Universite de Bordeaux
  摘要：We show that non-classical measurement errors (NCME) on both sides of a regression can bias the parameter estimate of interest in either direction. Furthermore, if these NCME are correlated, correcting for either one alone can aggravate bias relative to ignoring mismeasurement in both variables, a 'second best' result with implications for a broad class of economic phenomena of policy interest. We then use a unique Ethiopian dataset of matched farmer self-reported and precise ground-based meas...