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作者：Gandhi, Vishan; Tan, Brandon Joel
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University
摘要：This paper measures reliability-whether firms execute transactions on-schedule-for the universe of Rwandan formal firms using transaction timing data and describes the characteristics of reliable firms. Reliable firms have larger interfirm sales, export more, supply exporters and multinationals, and transact with other reliable firms. Reliable firms are less sensitive to supply chain disruptions. Supplying an MNC increases seller reliability even when servicing non-MNC buyers.
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作者：Woo-Mora, L. Guillermo
作者单位：Paris School of Economics
摘要：This paper examines how skin tone shapes intergenerational economic disparities across 25 Latin American and Caribbean countries. First, it analyzes the distribution of ethnoracial identities and skin tone, confirming Mestizo predominance and revealing how broad categories obscure substantial phenotypic diversity. Second, it documents non-linear gaps in income and education, with darker skin tones consistently linked to economic disadvantages. A variance decomposition shows that skin tone expl...
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作者：Zhao, Yu; Yang, Yichen; Zhang, Ning
作者单位：Shandong University; Shandong University; Yonsei University
摘要：This paper analyzes the economic consequences of flood shocks on housing markets in China. By combining detailed housing transaction records with granular geospatial-environmental information, we document robust evidence of heterogeneous impacts of flooding within local housing markets. Specifically, transaction prices and volumes decline in low-lying areas, while prices increase but volumes remain stable in high-elevation areas. These asymmetric responses are largely attributable to the risk-...
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作者：Li, Taipeng; Trimarchi, Lorenzo; Xie, Rui; Yang, Guohao
作者单位：Hunan University; University of Namur; Liaoning University
摘要：Using the 2018-2019 US-China trade war as a quasi-natural experiment, we analyze how rising trade barriers undermine environmental regulation in China through political incentives. Through a difference-in-differences strategy exploiting variation in Chinese prefecture-level exposure to US tariffs, we find more exposed areas significantly reduce environmental regulation emphasis and raise pollution limits. This response operates through political incentives: connected Chinese officials more rea...
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作者：Cordella, Tito; Cufre, Maia; Presbitero, Andrea F.
作者单位：Johns Hopkins University; Northwestern University; International Monetary Fund; Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (Inserm)
摘要：Twenty years after the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt relief initiative, debt levels in low-income countries are rising again, renewing sustainability concerns. The prevailing view suggests that China and other emerging lenders exploited the HIPC initiative to expand lending. Using a synthetic control method to generate a counterfactual, we find that, contrary to this narrative, China and other emerging lenders reduced net lending after debt relief; only multilateral creditors inc...
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作者：Jaramillo-Echeverri, Juliana; Alvarez, Andres
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：We examine the deep historical roots of contemporary disparities in access to high-quality education in Colombia. Using rare surnames to follow lineages of ethnic minorities and elites from the colonial era to the early 20th century, we analyze whether ancestry predicts access to educational institutions. Our findings reveal strong correlations: Students with Afro-Colombian or Indigenous surnames are less likely to be enrolled in high-quality schools and more likely to be attending low-quality...
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作者：Lin, Xin; Hui, Eddie Chi-man; Cong, Zhenglong; Shen, Jianfu
作者单位：Hong Kong Polytechnic University; City University of Hong Kong; Renmin University of China
摘要：This study explores whether strengthening communal land rights can address coordination failures caused by fragmented land tenure. Based on China's ambitious land reform that permits rural collectives to directly sell or rent their construction land to enterprises, we discover that collective land transfer rights boost rural entrepreneurship by 25%. This positive firm growth is entirely concentrated in regions where collective coordination is simpler to achieve (i.e., less rugged areas and reg...
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作者：Gethin, Amory
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Traditional inequality statistics focus on disposable income, ignoring households' consumption of public services. This article provides novel evidence on the distributional incidence of public goods, combining budget data with rich microdata in the context of post-apartheid South Africa. Redistribution through public services is large and has considerably grown. The poorest 50% consume 60% of public education, 50% of healthcare, 40% of police and local government services, and only 7% of tran...
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作者：Sandi, Nan
作者单位：University of Oxford
摘要：This paper inverts the standard resource-conflict paradigm by examining how resource contraction, rather than expansion, affects civil violence. Exploiting a 2016 moratorium in Myanmar that halted new mining licenses, I implement a difference-in-differences strategy using a novel spatially disaggregated database linking mining activity with geo-coded conflict events from 2011-2020. The contraction led to a 69% reduction in conflict incidents - particularly violent and fatal events - in previou...
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作者：Chen, Y. Joy; Gong, Robin Kaiji; Li, Jinlin
作者单位：Renmin University of China; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：Government venture capital (VC) is a core component of China's industrial policy framework. This study documents a novel feature of government VC under geopolitical tensions: During the 2018-2019 US-China trade war, government VC funds sustained their investments in manufacturing industries targeted by the U.S. tariffs, in contrast to an overall withdrawal of private capital. This persistence had important implications for startup financing and innovation. Startups heavily exposed to tariff sh...
