作者：SUSSMAN, N
摘要：Historians of the period have generally played down the debasement of France's coinage to increase crown revenues during the Hundred Years' War or treated it as a last resort and an inept one. Based on archival data and an analytical framework drawn from the modem literature on inflation tax, this article supports challengers of that view, showing that debasement was an effective instrument of public finance.
作者：University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：From 1847 to 1853 New Yorkers built more than 3,500 miles of wooden roads. Financed primarily by residents of declining rural townships, plank roads were seen as a means of linking isolated areas to the canal and railroad network. A broad range of individuals invested in the roads, suggesting that the drive for bigger markets was supported by a large cross section of the population. Considerable community spirit animated the movement, indicating that New Yorkers used the social capital of the ...
作者：Harvard University
摘要：Was eighteenth-century London's financial market linked to domestic real capital markets? When did English capital markets cease to be regionally segmented? We compare London interest rates with annual registered property transactions in Middlesex and in West Yorkshire. This evidence, though tentative, suggests that London financial markets were weakly linked to local real capital markets in the mid-eighteenth century. By the late eighteenth century those links were strong. Regional markets we...
作者：CRAIG, LA; FEARN, RM
摘要：We test for wage discrimination and occupational crowding in the nineteenth-century American whaling industry. Although our results indicate little evidence of wage discrimination, we cannot reject the hypothesis that certain groups-specifically blacks and Portuguese-experienced some occupational crowding, though it was by no means complete and the minority-dominated occupations were not low-paying ones. In addition, we find that members of the majority group-white American and Northern Europe...
