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作者：University of California System; University of California Merced
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作者：Santa Clara University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Bank of Japan; Claremont Colleges; Claremont McKenna College; Claremont Graduate University
摘要：Why did policymakers adopt the gold standard? We first examine the political economy of Japan's adoption of the gold standard in 1897 by exploring the ex ante motives of policymakers as well as how the legislative decision to adopt gold won approval. We then show that joining the gold standard did not reduce Japanese interest rates or lead to a domestic investment boom. However, we find that membership in the gold standard increased Japan's exports by lowering transactions costs. Joining gold ...
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作者：University of Delaware; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The U.S. Constitution removed real and monetary trade barriers between the states. By contrast, these states when they were British colonies exercised considerable real and monetary sovereignty over their borders. Purchasing power parity is used to measure how much economic integration between the states was gained in the decades after the Constitution's adoption compared with what existed among the same locations during the late colonial period. Using this measure, the short-run effect of the...
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作者：Brandeis University
摘要：Tills article uses anthropometric and archival data to reassess the standard of living in the Soviet Union. In the prewar period, the population was small in stature and sensitive to the political and economic upheavals experienced in the country. Significant improvements in child height, adult stature, and infant mortality were recorded from approximately 1945 to 1970. While this period of physical growth was followed by stagnation in heights, the physical growth record of the Soviet populati...
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作者：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
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作者：Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
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作者：Lehmann, Sibylle H.
摘要：In 1878 the liberal parties lost enough votes to lose the majority in the parliament which they had defended in the general election just one year before. In this article, the questions of where the voters came from and why the voting changed so crucially within one year are reexamined. The analysis uses a new set of data and makes use of King's algorithm, a tool provided by modem political science. The main finding of this article is that the change towards protectionism was not caused by new...
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作者：University System of Ohio; Miami University
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作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
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作者：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
