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作者：IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca; European University Institute
摘要：We examine the relationships between warfare, taxation, and political change in the context of the political unification of the Italian peninsula. Using a comprehensive new database, we argue that external and internal threat environments had significant implications for the demand for military strength, which in turn had important ramifications for fiscal policy and the likelihood of constitutional reform and related improvements in the provision of nonmilitary public services. Our analytic n...
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作者：Simon Fraser University
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作者：Marina Arias, Luz
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作者：Stanford University
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作者：University of Calgary
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作者：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
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作者：Colgate University
摘要：Bank notes were the largest component of the antebellum money supply despite losses as high as 5 percent in some years. Using a comprehensive bank-level panel of note discounts in New York City and Philadelphia, I explain this contradiction by showing that the secondary market reduced losses by accurately discounting notes based on their individual risk of default. Note discounts were almost exclusively sensitive to those factors which increased a bank's probability of default: specie suspensi...
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作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：The First World War radically altered the political landscape of Central Europe. The new borders after 1918 are typically viewed as detrimental to the region's economic integration and development. We argue that this view lacks historical perspective. It fails to take into account that the new borders followed a pattern of economic fragmentation that had emerged during the late nineteenth century. We estimate the effects of the new borders on trade and find that the treatment effects of these ...
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作者：Queens University Belfast; University College Dublin
摘要：The frequency of bad harvests and price elasticity of demand are measured using new data on English grain yields 1268-1480 and 1750-1850 and a revised price series. The analysis shows that major harvest shortfalls were a significant component of most historical subsistence crises, as back-to-back shortfalls were of the worst famines. Although serious harvest shortfalls long remained an unavoidable fact of economic life, by c.1800 yields had become less variable and prices less harvest sensitiv...
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作者：Rice University
