作者：Harvard University
摘要：This article analyzes the determinants of local institutions in Brazil. We show that institutional quality and distribution of land are partly inherited from the colonial histories experienced by different areas of the country. The sugar cane boom-characterized by an oligarchic society-is associated with more land inequality. The gold boom-characterized by a heavily inefficient presence of the Portuguese state-is associated with worse governance and access to justice. We do not find similar ef...
作者：University of British Columbia
作者：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
作者：American University
摘要：The onset of the Great Depression did not spark a surge in personal bankruptcy. For debtors in default, state garnishment law played a significant role in the decision to file for bankruptcy. Only states that made it easy to garnish a debtor's wages experienced significant increases in bankruptcy as a consequence of the Depression.
作者：Wellesley College; National Bureau of Economic Research; McKinsey & Company
摘要：Using newly collected data, this article compares the wealth and status of New York City households who owned corporate stock to the general population both in 1791, when there were only two corporations in the state, and in 1826, when there were hundreds. The results indicate that although corporate stock was held principally by the city's elite merchants in both periods, share ownership became more widespread over time among less affluent households. In particular, later corporations were ow...
