3期

最新文章

• Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not: Global Economic Divergence, 1600-1850 AI翻译
  作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
• Why Was It Europeans Who Conquered the World? AI翻译
  作者：California Institute of Technology
  摘要：By the 1700s Europeans dominated the gunpowder technology, which was surprising, because it had originated in China and been used with expertise throughout Eurasia. To account for their dominance, historians have invoked competition, but it cannot explain why they pushed this technology further than anyone else. The answer lies with a simple tournament model of military competition that allows for learning by doing. Political incentives and military conditions then explain why the rest of Eura...
• Agricultural Productivity Across Prussia During the Industrial Revolution: A Thunen Perspective AI翻译
  作者：Leibniz Association; Leibniz Institut fur Agrarentwicklung in Transformationsokonomien (IAMO); Humboldt University of Berlin
  摘要：This article explores the pattern of land rents and agricultural productivity across nineteenth-century Prussia to gain new insights on the causes of the Little Divergence between European regions. We argue that agriculture reacted to urban and industrial development rather than shaping it. In the spirit of Johann von Thunen and Ernst Engel, we develop a theoretical model to test how access to urban demand affected agricultural development. We show that the effect of urban demand is causal and...
• How Much Trade Liberalization Was There in the World Before and After Cobden-Chevalier? AI翻译
  作者：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
  摘要：The Cobden-Chevalier Treaty of 1860 is regarded as central turning point in nineteenth-century trade policy, inaugurating a free trade era in Western Europe. We reexamine this story and put it into global perspective with a new database covering more than 7,500 data points for 11 categories of manufactures in 41 countries and colonies around the world between 1846 and 1880. It reveals that bilateralism after 1860 reinforced a process already underway before. Nevertheless, we highlight that tra...
• The Caribbean: A History of the Region and Its Peoples AI翻译
  作者：University of Rochester
• The Early English Censuses AI翻译
  作者：University of Southampton
• The Evolution of a Nation: How Geography and Law Shaped the American States AI翻译
  作者：University of Arizona
• The Integration of Grain Markets in the Eighteenth Century: Early Rise of Globalization in the West AI翻译
  作者：Complutense University of Madrid; Complutense University of Madrid; CUNEF Universidad
  摘要：Globalization, if defined as the integration of international commodity markets, started in the eighteenth century and progressed gradually and with some setbacks into the nineteenth century, instead of suddenly appearing at some point after the 1820s. We use grain prices in Europe and the Americas to determine the extent and dynamics of market integration throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. An innovative methodology, with special attention being paid to changes in residual dis...
• Agriculture and Forestry in Sweden Since 1900 AI翻译
  作者：Lund University
• Racial Integration in Corporate America, 1940-1990 AI翻译
  作者：Santa Clara University