作者：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
作者：University of California System; University of California Riverside
作者：University of British Columbia
作者：Harvard University; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
作者：University College Dublin
摘要：England's post-Reformation demographic regime has been characterized as low pressure. Yet the evidence hitherto for the presence of a preventive check, defined as the short-run response of marriage and births to variations in living standards, is rather weak. New evidence in this article strengthens the case for the preventive check in both medieval and early modern England. We invoke manorial data to argue the case for a preventive check on marriages in the Middle Ages. Our analysis of the po...
作者：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Monash University; Universidade de Brasilia
摘要：How do property rights evolve when unoccupied areas attract economic use? Who are the first claimants on the frontier and how do they establish their property rights? When do governments provide de jure property rights? We present a conceptual framework that addresses these questions and apply it to the frontiers of Australia, the United States, and Brazil. Our framework stresses the crucial role of politics as frontiers develop by identifying situations where the competition for land by those...
