-
作者：Utah System of Higher Education; Utah State University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis
摘要：This paper provides quantitative evidence on interbank transmission of financial distress in the Panic of 1907 and ensuing recession. Originating in New York City, the panic led to payment suspensions and emergency currency issuance in many cities. Data on the universe of interbank connections show that (1) suspension was more likely in cities whose banks had closer ties to banks at the center of the panic, (2) banks with such links were more likely to close in the panic and recession, and (3)...
-
作者：University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper uses newly digitized data on the growth of the telegraph network in America during 1840-1852 to study the impacts of the electric telegraph on national elections. Exploiting the expansion of the telegraph network in a difference-in-difference approach, I find that access to telegraphed news from Washington significantly increased voter turnout in national elections. Newspapers facilitated the dissemination of national news to local areas. Text analysis on historical newspapers shows...
-
作者：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：We ask (1) why the United States adopted the car more quickly than other countries before 1929, and (2) why in the United States the car changed from a luxury to a mass-market good between 1909 and 1919. The answer is in part the success of the Model T in the United States. Mass production of the Model T began in 1913; by 1917, more than 40 percent of U.S. cars were Model Ts. Tariffs and difficulties producing outside Detroit made the U.S. success of the Model T difficult to replicate abroad.
-
作者：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Manchester
摘要：This paper uses Japanese village censuses, 1637-1872, to measure inequality in landownership. Surprisingly, inequality was low and stable, unlike in Europe, where it was high and increasing. To explain this, I study inter-generational land transmissions. I find that Japanese households without sons adopted male heirs, thereby keeping lands in the family. In contrast, elite English male lines failed 20-30 percent of the time as adoptions were uncommon, leading to a highly unequal redistribution...
-
作者：Stanford University
-
作者：University of Valencia
-
作者：Panizza, Ugo
-
作者：Northeastern University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：This paper studies the labor market impact of the Rosenwald Schools Initiative, a school construction program in the early twentieth-century South. Using a new sample linking Social Security and census records, we find that exposure to Rosenwald schools raised Black women's labor force participation and occupational standing in 1940; however, we find little evidence that Black men's occupational standing significantly improved. Blacks made no discernible gains in jobs where they were underrepr...
-
作者：University of Namur; University of Notre Dame; University of Kent
摘要：We examine how political participation and political competition are shaped by two class-based extensions of the franchise in twentieth-century India. Creating a new dataset of district-level political outcomes between 1920 and 1957, we find that both the partial franchise extension of 1935 and the universal suffrage reform of 1950 led to limited increases in citizen participation as voters or candidates, and neither reform had a significant effect on increasing political competition. Despite ...
-
作者：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University College Dublin
摘要：We use the universe of probate and vital registers from England between 1838 and 2018 to document the status of the Irish in England. We identify the Irish in the records as those individuals with distinctively Irish surnames. From at least the mid-nineteenth century to 2018, we find that the Irish in England have persisted as an underclass, being on average 50 percent poorer than the English. Infant mortality was about 25 percent higher for the Irish between the 1830s and the mid-twentieth ce...
