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作者：Freund, CL; Weinhold, D
作者单位：The World Bank; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We find that the Internet stimulates trade. Evidence from time-series and cross-section regressions shows a significant effect of the Internet on trade in recent years. Our results suggest that a 10 percentage point increase in the growth of web hosts in a country leads to about a 0.2 percentage point increase in export growth. For the average country in our sample, the Internet contributed to about a I percentage point increase in annual export growth from 1997 to 1999. We also find evidence ...
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作者：Wong, WK
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：This paper empirically evaluates the relative importance of embodied vs. disembodied idea flows in explaining income gaps and total factor productivity (TFP) gaps. Trade is used as a measure of embodied idea flows and telephone call traffic a measure of disembodied flows. Since both trade and telephone traffic may be endogenous, this paper uses the geographic, linguistic, and colonial components of trade and telephone traffic as instruments to identify their effects on income and TFP. The resu...
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作者：Alfaro, L; Chanda, A; Kalemli-Ozcan, S; Sayek, S
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; Harvard University; North Carolina State University; International Monetary Fund
摘要：In this paper, we examine the various links among foreign direct investment (FDI), financial markets, and economic growth. We explore whether countries with better financial systems can exploit FDI more efficiently. Empirical analysis, using cross-country data between 1975 and 1995, shows that FDI alone plays an ambiguous role in contributing to economic growth. However, countries with well-developed financial markets gain significantly from FDI. The results are robust to different measures of...
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作者：Chen, N
作者单位：University of London; London Business School; Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The first objective of this paper is to estimate border effects among European Union countries. In this context, the specification of the gravity equation, together with the choice of the distance measure, are shown to be crucial for assessing the size of the border effect. The second objective is to evaluate the determinants of the cross-commodity variation in national border effects. Contrary to previous findings reported in the literature, we show that trade barriers do provide an explanati...
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作者：Maskus, KE
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
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作者：Redding, S; Venables, AJ
摘要：This paper estimates a structural model of economic geography using cross-country data on per capita income, bilateral trade, and the relative price of manufacturing goods. We provide evidence that the geography of access to markets and sources of supply is statistically significant and quantitatively important in explaining cross-country variation in per capita income. This finding is robust to controlling for a wide range of considerations, including other economic, geographical, social, and...
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作者：Sanguinetti, P; Tommasi, M
作者单位：Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Universidad de San Andres Argentina
摘要：This paper evaluates the trade-off between the advantages of risk sharing and the perils of common pool problems in federal fiscal arrangements. Under the assumption of asymmetric information we evaluate two alternative regimes of intergovernmental transfers. In one regime, the central government pre-commits to a certain level of transfers that compensate vertical fiscal imbalances and provide some limited ex-ante insurance. In the other regime, it accommodates expost the fiscal needs of the d...
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作者：Choi, WG; Cook, D
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; International Monetary Fund
摘要：Emerging markets' financial institutions often face a mismatch in the currency denominations of their liabilities (foreign currency-denominated debt raised from foreign lenders) and their assets (domestic currency loans to domestic borrowers). We study the effect of this mismatch on monetary policy in a sticky-price, dynamic general-equilibrium small open economy model in which the country default-risk premium depends on domestic banks' balance sheets due to asymmetric information. A fixed exc...
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作者：Rose, AK
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper uses 68 measures of trade policy and liberalization to ask if membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is associated with more liberal trade policy. Almost no measures of trade policy are significantly correlated with GATT/WTO membership. Trade liberalizations, when they occur, usually lag GATT entry by many years, and the GATT/WTO often admits countries that are closed and remain closed for years. The exc...
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作者：Maneschi, A
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：The four numbers in David Ricardo's example of comparative advantage have been traditionally interpreted as unit labor coefficients in the production of wine and cloth in UK and Portugal. A recent interpretation suggests that they represent instead the labor needed to produce the amounts of wine and cloth actually traded. Ricardo's four numbers are shown to yield each country's gains from trade by simply subtracting two of the numbers from the other two. Since the numbers also indicate each co...
