-
作者：Bown, Chad P.; Crowley, Meredith A.
作者单位：Brandeis University; Brandeis University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：This is the first paper to empirically examine whether a country's use of an import restricting trade policy distorts a foreign country's exports to third markets. We first develop a theoretical model of worldwide trade in which the imposition of antidumping and safeguard tariffs, or trade remedies, by one country causes significant distortions in world trade flows. We then empirically test this model by investigating the effect of the United States' use of such import restrictions on Japanese...
-
作者：Subramanian, Arvind; Wei, Shang-Jin
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper furnishes robust evidence that the WTO has had a strong positive impact on trade, amounting to about 120% of additional world trade (or US$ 8 trillion in 2000 alone). The impact has, however, been uneven. This, in many ways, is consistent with theoretical models of the GATT/WTO. The theory suggests that the impact of a country's membership in the GATT/WTO depends on what the country does with its membership, with whom it negotiates, and which products the negotiation covers. Using a...
-
作者：Miyagiwa, Kaz; Ohno, Yuka
作者单位：Emory University; Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited
摘要：In the R&D-intensive industries, where technologies change rapidly, an innovative foreign firm may need to export greater than normal quantities to signal the level of the new technology it possesses. We find that such actions lead to sales below cost if the foreign firm has a relatively poor reputation for innovation, has a sufficiently high discount factor or possesses a new technology that significantly cuts its cost. We also show that antidumping reduces the costs of signaling, benefits th...
-
作者：Alfaro, Laura; Hammel, Eliza
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：Studying the relation between equity market liberalization and imports of capital goods, we examine one channel through which international financial integration can promote growth. For the period 1980-1997, we find that after controlling for other policies and fundamentals, stock market liberalizations are associated with a significant increase in the share of imports of machinery and equipment. We hypothesize this can be attributed to the consequences of financial integration, which allows a...
-
作者：Anderson, James E.; Neary, J. Peter
作者单位：University College Dublin; Boston College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We show that the effects of tariff changes on welfare and import volume are fully characterised by their effects on the generalised mean and variance of the tariff distribution, implying two cones of liberalisation in commodity price space. Because welfare is negatively but import volume positively related to the generalised variance, the cones do not intersect, which poses a policy dilemma. We present a new radial tariff reform rule, which implies new results for welfare- and market-access-im...
-
作者：Osler, Carol
作者单位：Brandeis University
-
作者：Lin, Ping; Saggi, Kamal
作者单位：Southern Methodist University; Lingnan University
摘要：How does the nature of contractual relationships between a multinational and its local suppliers affect backward linkages and welfare in the local industry? We address this question in a two-fier oligopoly model where a multinational transfers technology to its suppliers if they accept an exclusive contract that precludes them from serving its local rivals. Invited suppliers balance the benefits of gaining access to new technology and the derived demand of the multinational against the opportu...
-
作者：Tanaka, Hitoshi; Iwaisako, Tatsuro; Futagami, Koichi
作者单位：Ritsumeikan University; University of Osaka; University of Osaka
摘要：This paper develops a quality-ladder type dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous innovation and technology licensing as a major source of international technology transfer in developing countries. Examining the dynamic characteristics of the model fully, we explore the short- and long-run effects of both an improvement in the probability of reaching a licensing agreement with a given effort and an increase in the license fee rate. The model shows that the former promotes innovation ...
-
作者：McHale, John
作者单位：Queens University - Canada
-
作者：McMillian, Margaret
作者单位：Tufts University
