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作者：Klimenko, Mikhail; Ramey, Garey; Watson, Joel
作者单位：University System of Georgia; Georgia Institute of Technology; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：This paper presents a theory of dynamic trade agreements in which external institutions, such as the WTO, play a central role in supporting credible enforcement. In our model, countries engage in ongoing negotiations, and, as a consequence, cooperative agreements become unsustainable in the absence of external enforcement institutions. By using mechanisms such as delays in dispute resolution and direct penalties, enforcement institutions can restore incentives for cooperation, despite the lack...
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作者：Berthelon, Matias; Freund, Caroline
作者单位：The World Bank; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso
摘要：Using disaggregated bilateral trade data, we find that the elasticity of trade to distance increased (in absolute value) by about 10% since 1985. To explore the reasons for this shift, we decompose the change in the distance elasticity of trade into the part due to a shift in the composition of trade among industries and the part due to a change in the distance sensitivity within industries. We find that adjustment in the composition of trade had little effect, but for 40% of industries distan...
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作者：Goldberg, Linda S.; Tille, Cedric
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We explore the major driving forces for currency invoicing in international trade with a simple model and a novel dataset covering 24 countries. We contrasts a coalescing effect, where exporters minimize the movements of their prices relative to their competitors', with incentives to hedge macroeconomic volatility and transaction costs. The key determinants of invoice currency choice are industry features and country size, with some role for foreign-exchange bid-ask spreads. The coalescing eff...
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作者：Cassing, James; To, Ted
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; United States Department of Labor
摘要：In the United States, there is evidence that domestic non-filing firms do not always support dumping/countervailing duty investigations. Absent other factors, domestic firms have an unambiguous incentive to support petitions filed by other domestic producers. We argue that in cases where the non-complainant firm is not a significant importer or exporter, the most plausible explanation is that non-support acts as a costly signal of private information. Extending the model to allow firms to enga...
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作者：Clerides, Sofronis; Hadjiyiannis, Costas
作者单位：University of Cyprus
摘要：We construct a theoretical framework to study the impact of quality standards for used durable goods on trade flows, profits and consumer welfare. We show that asymmetric quality standards generate trade in used goods from high- to low-standard countries while at the same time reducing trade in new goods. Producers in the exporting country benefit from this change while consumers lose. In the importing country consumers are better off but domestic industry is hurt. These findings suggest that ...
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作者：Munch, Jakob Roland; Skaksen, Jan Rose
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Business School
摘要：This paper studies the link between the education level of workers, export performance and wages. We argue that firms may escape intense competition in international markets by using high skilled workers to differentiate their products. This story is consistent with our empirical results. Using a very rich matched worker-firm longitudinal dataset, we find that there is a weak negative direct effect of exporting on wages, but an interaction term between export intensity and skill intensity has ...
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作者：Egger, Hartmut; Egger, Peter; Greenaway, David
作者单位：University of Nottingham; University of Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; University of Nottingham
摘要：This paper formulates an empirical model to estimate the impact of endogenous new regional trade agreement (RTA) membership on trade structure. The likelihood of new RTA membership is influenced by economic fundamentals such as country size, factor endowments, and trade and investment costs. In a sample of country-pairs covering mainly the OECD economies we find a particularly strong effect of endogenous RTAs on intra-industry trade in a difference-in-difference analysis based on matching tech...
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作者：Desai, Mihir A.; Hines, James R., Jr.
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Harvard University
摘要：This paper analyzes the economic impact of export subsidies by investigating stock price reactions to a critical event in 1997. On November 18, 1997, the European Union announced its intention to file a complaint before the World Trade Organization (WTO), arguing that the United States provided American exporters illegal subsidies by permitting them to use Foreign Sales Corporations to exempt a fraction of export profits from taxation. Share prices of American exporters fell sharply on this ne...
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作者：Nye, John V. C.
作者单位：George Mason University
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作者：Garfinkel, Michelle R.; Skaperdas, Stergios; Syropoulos, Constantinos
作者单位：Drexel University; University of California System; University of California Irvine
摘要：When a resource like oil is domestically contested, trade patters and welfare can be very different than when property rights are costlessly enforced. Whereas (small-country) importers of the contested resource gain unambiguously relative to autarky, exporters of the contested resource lose under free trade, unless the world price of the resource is sufficiently high. Regardless of what price obtains in world markets, countries tend to over-export the contested resource compared to the absence...
