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作者：Moser, Christoph; Urban, Dieter; di Mauro, Beatrice Weder
作者单位：Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz; Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; RWTH Aachen University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This study investigates the impact of international competitiveness on net employment, job creation, job destruction, and gross job flows for a representative sample of German establishments from 1993 to 2005 We find a statistically significant but economically small effect of real exchange rate shocks on employment, comparable to the one found in studies for the United States However, contrary to the United States, the employment adjustment (among surviving firms) operates mainly through the ...
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作者：Opp, Marcus M.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper describes strategic tariff choices within the Ricardian framework of Dornbusch, Fischer, and Samuelson (1977) using CES preferences The optimum tariff schedule is uniform across goods and inversely related to the import demand elasticity of the other country In the Nash equilibrium of tariffs, larger economies apply higher tariff rates Productivity adjusted relative size (approximate to GDP ratio) is a sufficient statistic for absolute productivity advantage and the size of the labo...
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作者：Trefler, Daniel; Zhu, Susan Chun
作者单位：University of Toronto; University of Toronto; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University
摘要：The last decade witnessed an explosion of research Into the Impact of international technology differences on the factor content of trade Yet the literature has failed to confront two pivotal issues First with international technology differences and traded intermediate inputs there is no existing definition of the factor content of trade that is compatible with Vanek s factor content prediction We fill this gap Second as Helpman and Krugman (1985) showed many models beyond Heckscher-Ohlin imp...
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作者：Kesternich, Iris; Schnitzer, Monika
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：This paper investigates how multinational firms choose the capital structure of their foreign affiliates in response to political risk We focus on two choice variables the leverage and the ownership structure of the foreign affiliate and we distinguish different types of political risk such as expropriation unreliable intellectual property rights and confiscatory taxation In our theoretical analysis we find that as political risk increases the ownership share tends to decrease whereas leverage...
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作者：Morrow, Peter M.
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：This paper derives and estimates a unified and tractable model of comparative advantage due to differences in both factor abundance and relative productivity differences across industries It derives conditions under which ignoring one force for comparative advantage biases empirical tests of the other I emphasize two empirical results First factor abundance- and relative productivity-based models each possesses explanatory power when nesting the other as an alternate hypothesis Second producti...
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作者：Johannesen, Niels
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：We present a model of tax competition for real investment and profits and show that the presence of tax havens in some cases increases the tax revenue of countries. In the first part of the paper, we argue that tax competition for profits is likely to be imperfect in the sense that the jurisdiction with the lowest tax rate does not necessarily attract all shifted profits. Under this assumption, tax competition between a large number of identical countries may lead to either a symmetric equilib...
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作者：Chen, Maggie Xiaoyang; Moore, Michael O.
作者单位：George Washington University
摘要：We examine how multinational firms with heterogeneous total factor productivity (TFP) self-select Into different host countries Both aggregate- and firm-level estimates suggest that more productive French firms are more likely than their less efficient competitors to invest in relatively tough host countries Countries with a smaller market potential, higher fixed costs of investment or lower import tariffs tend to have higher cutoff productivities and attract a greater proportion of productive...
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作者：Spulber, Daniel F.
作者单位：Northwestern University
摘要：I present a comprehensive model of international trade in technology that considers both the demand for inventions and the supply of inventions On the demand side, domestic and foreign firms make strategic technology adoption decisions On the supply side, inventors compete to sell licenses for their technology to domestic and foreign firms. Countries benefit from international trade in technology because they obtain the best invention from a larger pool of inventions. International trade in te...
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作者：Lu, Jiangyong; Lu, Yi; Tao, Zhigang
作者单位：University of Hong Kong; Peking University; National University of Singapore
摘要：Firms have increasingly conducted different stages of production in different countries. In particular, they may set up operations in low-cost countries (those operations are referred to as foreign affiliates in those countries) either as platforms for export or serving the growing markets there. What is the exporting behavior of foreign affiliates? In this paper, using data from China, we find that among foreign affiliates exporters are less productive than non-exporters. We then offer a theo...
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作者：Harrigan, James
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：Airplanes are a fast but expensive means of shipping goods a fact which has implications for comparative advantage The paper develops a Ricardian model with a continuum of goods which vary by weight and hence transport cost Comparative advantage depends on relative air and surface transport costs across countries and goods as well as stochastic productivity A key testable implication is that the U S should Import heavier goods from nearby countries and lighter goods from faraway counties This ...
