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作者：Facchini, Giovanni; Mayda, Anna Maria; Mishra, Prachi
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; University of Milan; Georgetown University
摘要：While anecdotal evidence suggests that interest groups play a key role in shaping immigration policy, there is no systematic empirical analysis of this issue. In this paper, we construct an industry-level dataset for the United States, by combining information on the number of temporary work visas with data on lobbying activity associated with immigration. We find robust evidence that both pro- and anti-immigration interest groups play a statistically significant and economically relevant role...
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作者：Neiman, Brent
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Recent analyses of transaction-level data sets have generated new stylized facts on price setting and greatly influenced the empirical open- and closed-economy macroeconomics literatures. This work has uncovered marked heterogeneity in price stickiness, demonstrated that even non-zero price changes do not fully pass through exchange rate shocks, and offered evidence of synchronization in the timing of price changes. Further, intrafirm prices have been shown to differ from arm's length prices i...
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作者：Marchesi, Silvia; Sabani, Laura; Dreher, Axel
作者单位：University of Milan; University of Florence; University of Gottingen
摘要：Context-specific knowledge is crucial to crafting multilateral reform programs. Nonetheless local knowledge often consists of unverifiable information, thus the quality of countries' reports depends on the conflict of interests faced by the recipient and the multilateral. We compare the performance of a delegation-scheme against a centralization-scheme. We find that recipients' discretion in the choice of reforms (delegation) should only be increased when the countries' local knowledge is stri...
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作者：Bems, Rudolfs; de Carvalho Filho, Irineu
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：Exporters of exhaustible resources have historically exhibited higher income volatility than other economies, suggesting a heightened role for precautionary savings. This paper uses a parameterized small open-economy model to quantify the role of precautionary savings for exporters of exhaustible resources, when the only source of uncertainty is the price of the exhaustible resource. The parameterized model fares moderately well at capturing current account balances in both cross-section and t...
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作者：Branstetter, Lee; Fisman, Ray; Foley, C. Fritz; Saggi, Kamal
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; Carnegie Mellon University; Columbia University; Harvard University; Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：An extensive theoretical literature generates ambiguous predictions concerning the effects of intellectual property rights (IPR) reform on industrial development. The impact depends on whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) expand production in reforming countries and the extent of decline in imitative activity. We examine the responses of U.S.-based MNEs and domestic industrial production to a set of intellectual property rights reforms in the 1980s and 1990s. Following reform, MNEs expand ...
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作者：Davis, Donald R.; Harrigan, James
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：How do labor markets adjust to trade liberalization? Leading models of intraindustry trade (Krugman (1981), Melitz (2003)) assume homogeneous workers and full employment, and thus predict that all workers win from trade liberalization, a conclusion at odds with the public debate. Our paper develops a new model that merges Melitz (2003) with Shapiro and Stiglitz (1984), so also links product market churning to labor market churning. Workers care about their jobs because the model features aggre...
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作者：Blanchard, Emily; Willmann, Gerald
作者单位：Dartmouth College; Universite Catholique Louvain
摘要：This paper analyzes the dynamics of trade policy reform under democracy. In an overlapping generations model, heterogeneous agents may acquire skills when young thereby determining the skill composition of their cohort. Current and anticipated trade policies influence education decisions and thus voters' trade policy preferences. We show that there may exist two political steady states: one protectionist and one liberal. Transition from the former to the latter can be achieved by government an...
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作者：Boulhol, Herve
作者单位：heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne
摘要：This paper contributes to the literature that highlights the role of trading partners' institutions for a country's unemployment rate. The objective is to study whether the results established in the minimum wage-setting of Davis (1998) hold when unemployment is driven by search frictions. This paper finds that relative labor market institutions matter for equilibrium unemployment as they generate comparative advantages, but there are two main differences with Davis. With North-North trade, un...
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作者：Boz, Emine
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：The data reveal that emerging market sovereign borrowing from International Financial Institutions (IFIs) is small, intermittent and countercyclical compared to that from private sector creditors. The IFI loan contracts offered to sovereigns differ from the private ones in that they are more enforceable and have conditionality arrangements attached to them. Taking these contractual differences as given, this paper builds a quantitative model of a sovereign borrower and argues that better enfor...
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作者：Kuttner, Kenneth N.
作者单位：Williams College; National Bureau of Economic Research
