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作者：Peri, Giovanni
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：A framework that uses a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function with skill differentiation and integrated national labor markets has predictions for the employment effect of immigrants at the local level. The employment (rather than wage) response to immigration by skill in a state reveals the production substitutability-complementarity between native and immigrant labor. This, in turn, reveals the degree to which immigrants stimulate or depress the demand for native labo...
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作者：Hanson, Gordon; Xiang, Chong
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Purdue University System; Purdue University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We extend Melitz (2003) to allow for both global and bilateral fixed export costs. If global (bilateral) export costs dominate, the average sales ratio (import sales per product variety/domestic sales per variety), decreases (increases) in variable (fixed) trade barriers, due to adjustment along the intensive (extensive) margin of trade. Using novel data on bilateral US movie exports we find that (i) variation in box-office revenues per movie is much larger than in the number of movies exporte...
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作者：Chang, Pao-Li; Lee, Myoung-Jae
作者单位：Singapore Management University; Korea University; Australian National University
摘要：This paper re-examines the GATT/WTO membership effect on bilateral trade flows, using nonparametric methods including pair-matching, permutation tests, and a Rosenbaum (2002) sensitivity analysis. Together, these methods provide an estimation framework that is robust to misspecification bias, allows general forms of heterogeneous membership effects, and addresses potential hidden selection bias. This is in contrast to most conventional parametric studies on this issue. Our results suggest larg...
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作者：Buch, Claudia M.; Koch, Catherine T.; Koetter, Michael
作者单位：Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; Eberhard Karls University of Tubingen; University of Zurich; University of Groningen; Sveriges Riksbank
摘要：Heterogeneity in size and productivity is central to models that explain which manufacturing firms expert. This study presents descriptive evidence on similar heterogeneity among international banks as financial services providers. A novel and detailed bank-level data set reveals the volume and mode of international activities for all German banks. Only a few, large banks have a commercial presence abroad, consistent with the size pecking order documented for manufacturing firms. However, the ...
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作者：Nataraj, Shanthi
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Despite a large literature investigating the impacts of trade on firm productivity, there is almost no evidence on how small firms react to trade liberalization. Using a unique dataset of firm-level surveys that are representative of the entire Indian manufacturing industry, I show that India's unilateral reduction in final goods tariffs increased the average productivity of small, informal firms, which account for 80% of Indian manufacturing employment but have been excluded from previous stu...
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作者：Facchini, Giovanni; Mayda, Anna Maria; Mishra, Prachi
作者单位：International Monetary Fund; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam; University of Milan; Georgetown University
摘要：While anecdotal evidence suggests that interest groups play a key role in shaping immigration policy, there is no systematic empirical analysis of this issue. In this paper, we construct an industry-level dataset for the United States, by combining information on the number of temporary work visas with data on lobbying activity associated with immigration. We find robust evidence that both pro- and anti-immigration interest groups play a statistically significant and economically relevant role...
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作者：Neiman, Brent
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Recent analyses of transaction-level data sets have generated new stylized facts on price setting and greatly influenced the empirical open- and closed-economy macroeconomics literatures. This work has uncovered marked heterogeneity in price stickiness, demonstrated that even non-zero price changes do not fully pass through exchange rate shocks, and offered evidence of synchronization in the timing of price changes. Further, intrafirm prices have been shown to differ from arm's length prices i...
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作者：Marchesi, Silvia; Sabani, Laura; Dreher, Axel
作者单位：University of Milan; University of Florence; University of Gottingen
摘要：Context-specific knowledge is crucial to crafting multilateral reform programs. Nonetheless local knowledge often consists of unverifiable information, thus the quality of countries' reports depends on the conflict of interests faced by the recipient and the multilateral. We compare the performance of a delegation-scheme against a centralization-scheme. We find that recipients' discretion in the choice of reforms (delegation) should only be increased when the countries' local knowledge is stri...
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作者：Antras, Pot; Padro i Miquel, Gerard
作者单位：Harvard University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：How do foreign interests influence policy? How are trade policies and the viability of trade agreements affected? What are the welfare implications of such foreign influence? In this paper we develop a model of foreign influence and apply it to the study of optimal tariffs. In a two-country voting model of electoral competition, we allow the incumbent party in each country to take costly actions that probabilistically affect the electoral outcome in the other country. We show that policies end...
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作者：Bems, Rudolfs; de Carvalho Filho, Irineu
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：Exporters of exhaustible resources have historically exhibited higher income volatility than other economies, suggesting a heightened role for precautionary savings. This paper uses a parameterized small open-economy model to quantify the role of precautionary savings for exporters of exhaustible resources, when the only source of uncertainty is the price of the exhaustible resource. The parameterized model fares moderately well at capturing current account balances in both cross-section and t...
