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作者：Egger, Peter H.; Nigai, Sergey
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：The measurement of trade costs and their effects on outcome is at the heart of a large quantitative literature in international economics. The majority of the recent significant contributions on the matter assumes that trade is log-linear in exporter-specific factors, importer-specific factors, and log trade costs that are additively composed of a parameterized part and a residual part. We demonstrate that, under standard assumptions in the literature, the magnitude of unobservable, residual t...
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作者：Che, Yi; Du, Julan; Lu, Yi; Tao, Zhigang
作者单位：Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Chinese University of Hong Kong; National University of Singapore; University of Hong Kong
摘要：In this study, we exploit one of the most important conflicts of the 20th century between what are currently the world's second and third largest economies, that is, the Japanese invasion of China from 1937 to 1945, to investigate the long-term impact of conflicts between countries on cross-border trade and investment. We find that Japanese multinationals are less likely to invest in Chinese regions that suffered greater civilian casualties during the Japanese invasion, and these regions also ...
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作者：Garfinkel, Michelle R.; Skaperdas, Stergios; Syropoulos, Constantinos
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Irvine; Drexel University
摘要：We construct a model of conflict and trade to study the consequences of interstate disputes over contested resources (land, oil, water or other resources) for arming, welfare and trade flows. Different trade regimes imply different costs of such disputes in terms of arming. Depending on world prices, free trade can intensify arming to such an extent that the additional security costs it brings swamp the traditional gains from trade and thus render autarky more desirable for one or all rival st...
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作者：Fontagne, Lionel; Orefice, Gianluca; Piermartini, Roberta; Rocha, Nadia
作者单位：heSam Universite; Universite Pantheon-Sorbonne; Paris School of Economics
摘要：This paper considers the heterogenous trade effects of restrictive Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) measures on exporters of different sizes, and the channels via which aggregate exports fall: firm participation, export values and pricing strategies. We do so by matching a detailed panel of French firm exports to a new database of SPS regulatory measures that have been raised as of concern in the dedicated committees of the WTO. By using specific trade concerns to capture the restrictiveness ...
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作者：Geng, Difei; Saggi, Kamal
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：We evaluate the case for non-discrimination in international patent protection. When trade is not subject to any frictions/barriers, requiring national treatment (NT) does not affect the rate of innovation (and welfare) since unfavorable discrimination suffered abroad by innovators in the absence of NT is fully offset by favorable discrimination enjoyed by them at home. When trade barriers exist, however, such international offsetting in patent protection is incomplete and innovation incentive...
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作者：Goncalves, Carlos Eduardo; Guimaraes, Bernardo
作者单位：Universidade de Sao Paulo; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：This paper studies fiscal policy in a model of sovereign debt and default A time inconsistency problem arises: since the price of past debt cannot be affected by current fiscal policy and governments cannot credibly commit to a certain path of tax rates, debtor countries choose suboptimally low fiscal adjustments. An international organization, capable of designing a contract that coaxes debtors into a tougher fiscal stance via the provision of cheap senior lending in times of crisis, can work...
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作者：Cherkashin, Ivan; Demidova, Svetlana; Kee, Hiau Looi; Krishna, Kala
作者单位：Australian National University; McMaster University; The World Bank; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Pennsylvania State University; Pennsylvania State University - University Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We build a tractable partial equilibrium model in the spirit of Melitz (2003) to help understand the role of trade preferences given to developing countries, as well as the efficacy of various subsidy policies. The model allows for firm level heterogeneity in both demand and productivity and lets the mass of firms that enter be endogenous. Trade preferences given by one country have positive spillovers on exports to others in this model. Preferences given by the EU to Bangladesh in an industry...
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作者：Fillat, Jose L.; Garetto, Stefania; Oldenski, Lindsay
作者单位：Boston University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston; Georgetown University
摘要：We investigate theoretically and empirically the relationship between the geographic structure of a multinational corporation and its risk premium. Our structural model suggests two channels. On the one hand, multinational activity offers diversification benefits: risk premia should be higher for firms operating in countries where shocks co-vary more with the domestic ones. Second, hysteresis and operating leverage induced by fixed and sunk costs of production imply that risk premia should be ...
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作者：Fally, Thibault
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：The gravity equation for trade flows is one of the most successful empirical models in economics and has long played a central role in the trade literature (Anderson, 2011). Different approaches to estimate the gravity equation, i.e. reduced-form or more structural, have been proposed. This paper examines the role of adding-up constraints as the key difference between structural gravity with multilateral resistance indexes and reduced-form gravity with simple fixed effects by exporter and impo...
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作者：Artuc, Erhan; Lederman, Daniel; Porto, Guido
作者单位：The World Bank; The World Bank; National University of La Plata
摘要：Estimates of labor mobility costs are needed to assess the responses of employment and wages to trade shocks when factor adjustment is costly. Available methods to estimate those costs rely on panel data, which are seldom available in developing countries. We propose a method to estimate mobility costs using readily obtainable data worldwide. Our estimator matches the changes in observed sectoral employment allocations with the predicted allocations from a model of costly labor adjustment. We ...
