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作者：Card, D; Levine, PB
作者单位：Wellesley College; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper examines the impact on the duration of unemployment insurance receipt of a politically motivated program that offered 13 weeks of 'extended benefits' for 6 months in 1996. Using state-level data and individual administrative records from before, during and after the program, we find that it raised the fraction of claimants who exhausted their regular benefits by 1-3 percentage points. Had the program run long enough to affect claimants from the first day of their spell, the fraction...
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作者：Lemieux, T; MacLeod, WB
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; University of Southern California
摘要：This paper presents results from a 1971 natural experiment carried out by the Canadian government on the unemployment insurance system. At that time, the generosity of the UI system was increased dramatically. We find some evidence that the propensity to collect UI increases with a first-time exposure to the new UI system. Hence, as more individuals experience unemployment, their lifetime use of the system increases. This supply side hysteresis effect may explain why unemployment has steadily ...
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作者：Gordon, R; Nielson, SB
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作者：Agell, J; Persson, M
作者单位：Uppsala University; Stockholm University
摘要：We examine how tax avoidance in the form of trade in well-functioning asset markets affects the basic labor supply model. We show that models that integrate tax arbitrage and labor supply decisions may shed light on a number of positive and normative questions concerning modern systems of income taxation. Such models also appear to have striking implications for empirical research. Studies that ignore tax avoidance may easily come up with biased estimates of the tax responsiveness of the labor...
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作者：Anderson, PM; Meyer, BD
作者单位：Northwestern University; Dartmouth College; Northwestern University
摘要：Following a 13-year period when all employers in Washington paid the same unemployment insurance (UI) tax rate, Washington was forced to adopt an experience-rated tax system in 1985. We use this natural experiment to explore both tax incidence and the effects of experience rating. We find that industry average tax rates are largely passed on to workers through lower earnings. However, our estimates imply that a firm can shift much less of the difference between its tax rate and the industry av...
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作者：Fuest, C; Huber, B
作者单位：University of Munich
摘要：The governments of nearly all industrialised countries use subsidies to support the economic development of specific sectors or regions with high rates of unemployment. Conventional economic wisdom would suggest that the most efficient way to support these regions or sectors is to pay employment subsidies. We present evidence showing that capital subsidies are empirically much more important than employment subsidies. We then develop a simple model with unemployment to explain this phenomenon....
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作者：Bovenberg, AL; Graafland, JJ; de Mooij, RA
作者单位：CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy; Tilburg University
摘要：This paper develops an applied general equilibrium model to explore various tax cuts aimed at combating unemployment and raising labor supply. The model calibrates modern labor-market theories on wage setting, job matching, labor supply and labor demand on Dutch data. It represents the core: of a larger applied general equilibrium model for the Netherlands called MIMIC. Simulations reveal that targeting in-work benefits at the low skilled is the most effective way to cut economy-wide unemploym...
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作者：Börsch-Supan, A
作者单位：University of Mannheim
摘要：All across Europe, old age labor force participation has declined dramatically during the last decades. This secular trend coincides with population aging. The European social security systems therefore face a double threat: Retirees receive pensions for a longer time while there are less workers per retiree to shoulder the financial burden of the pension systems. This paper shows that a significant part of this problem is homemade: most European pension systems provide strong incentives to re...
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作者：Neumark, D; Powers, E
作者单位：Michigan State University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
摘要：This paper studies pre-eligibility-age labor market disincentives created by the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. Asset and income limits might induce individuals nearing the eligibility age to work less. We exploit states' supplementation of federal. SSI benefits to estimate the effects of SSI on pre-retirement labor supply, using SIPP data. We find some evidence that generous SSI benefits reduce the pre-retirement labor supply land earnings) of men who are likely to participate in...
