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作者：Bettinger, Eric; Slonim, Robert
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Economic research examining how educational intervention programs affect primary and secondary schooling focuses largely on test scores although the interventions can affect many other outcomes. This paper examines how an educational intervention, a voucher program, affected students' altruism. The voucher program used a lottery to allocate scholarships among low-income applicant families with children in K-8th grade. By exploiting the lottery to identify the voucher effects, and using experim...
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作者：Gravel, Nicolas; Poitevin, Michel
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal
摘要：We investigate the conditions under which an inequality averse and additively separable welfarist central government would choose to set up a progressive equalization payments scheme in a federation with local public goods. A progressive equalization payments scheme is a list of per capita net (possibly negative) subsidies - one such net subsidy for every jurisdiction - that are decreasing with respect to jurisdictions per capita wealth. We examine this question in a setting where the case for...
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作者：Gaube, Thomas
作者单位：Max Planck Society
摘要：In this paper, an economy is analyzed where one group of agents, the altruists, cares about the wellbeing of another group of agents, the recipients. it is asked how changes in the size of these groups affect the altruists' charitable giving in the Nash equilibrium. I show that a pure group size effect, i.e., a proportional expansion of both subgroups can lead to less free riding and to a lower degree of underprovision relative to the efficient level of charitable giving. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V...
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作者：Stinebrickner, Ralph; Stinebrickner, Todd R.
作者单位：Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：Previous papers which examine the importance of peer effects using exogenous variation in college roommates have found only very limited evidence that a student's first year grade performance is influenced by the observable academic characteristics of his/her roommate. One possible explanation for this finding is that peer effects do not play a particularly important role in the higher education setting. However, another very plausible explanation for this finding is that peer effects are impo...
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作者：Da Rin, Marco; Nicodano, Giovanna; Sembenelli, Alessandro
作者单位：University of Turin
摘要：We assess the effectiveness of different public policy instruments for the creation of active venture capital markets. Our methodology focusses on 'innovation ratios', defined to be the shares of high-tech, and of early stage, venture capital investments. We study a unique panel of data for 14 European countries between 1988 and 2001. We have several novel findings. First, we find no evidence of a shortage of supply of venture capital funds in Europe, a result which questions the effectiveness...
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作者：Royalty, Anne Beeson; Abraham, Jean M.
作者单位：Purdue University System; Purdue University; Purdue University in Indianapolis; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities
摘要：Most Americans obtain access to health insurance through an employer. In this paper, we ask how the link between health insurance and employment affects labor market choices such as whether to work full-time. To understand the effect of the incentives embedded in the employer-based insurance system, we study the joint decision-making of husbands and wives that determines the household's access to health insurance. We estimate the effect on a wife's (husband's) labor market outcomes of husband'...
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作者：Nordblom, Katarina; Ohlsson, Henry
作者单位：University of Gothenburg; Uppsala University
摘要：We study how taxes on intra-family transfers (bequests and gifts) affect parents' transfers to their children. Our focus is on the incentives for tax avoidance. These issues are important for families and their welfare, as well as for governments and their possibilities of raising revenue from transfer taxes. Using a theoretical model, we show how altruistic parents avoid taxes by changing the timing of transfers when inter vivos gifts are taxed separately from bequests (which is the case in m...
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作者：Watson, Tara
作者单位：Williams College
摘要：To what extent do differential levels of investment in public health inputs explain observed differences in health outcomes across socioeconomic and racial groups? This study investigates the impact of 3700 projects that were part of a widespread Federal initiative to improve sanitation infrastructure on U.S. Indian reservations starting in 1960. Sanitation investment substantially reduced the cost of clean water for households, leading to sharp reductions in both waterborne gastrointestinal d...
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作者：Martinez-Mora, Francisco
作者单位：University of Leicester
摘要：We provide an explanation to the puzzle of the existence of paid-for private schools that offer lower quality education than some tuition-free public alternatives. We consider a model of a city composed of two communities: the urban area and the suburbs. The suburban public school provides higher quality education at an implicit price: the higher tax burden plus a housing rent premium. If that price is high enough and the urban public school has a sufficiently low quality intermediate income h...
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作者：Baicker, Katherine; Gordon, Nora
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Both the federal government and the states use intergovernmental grants to try to change the composition of local spending across different programs, as well as the distribution of resources across localities. Many states are now under court order to use state education grants to reduce local disparities in education spending. While a substantial body of literature suggests that these court orders increase the level and progressivity of state education spending, there is little evidence on the...
