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作者：Shaw, KL
摘要：Risk aversion enters many theoretical models of human capital investment, but attitudes toward risk have not been incorporated in empirical models of human capital investment. This article develops a model of the joint investment in financial wealth and human wealth to show that human capital investment is an inverse function of the degree of relative risk aversion. Using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances, I find that wage growth is positively correlated with preferences for risk takin...
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作者：Chan, W
摘要：This article analyzes the choice between internal promotion and external recruitment within the framework of an economic contest. Opening up the competition for a position to external candidates reduces the chance of promotion for existing workers and therefore their incentive to work. Increasing the prize for winning can maintain incentives but is limited by moral hazard and potentially disruptive office politics. Alternatively, a competitive handicap can be awarded to existing workers to boo...
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作者：Bolduc, D; Fortin, B; Fournier, MA
作者单位：Laval University; Universite de Montreal
摘要：In this article we estimate a spatial autoregressive multinomial probit model of the choice of location by general practitioners for establishing their initial practice. This model allows us to account for potential interdependencies among location choices. The model is used to assess the effect of various incentive measures introduced in Quebec (Canada) to influence the geographical distribution of physicians across 18 regions. Our data set covers subperiods before and after the introduction ...
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作者：Ogawa, N; Ermisch, JF
作者单位：University of Essex
摘要：A recent (1990) national survey is used in an econometric analysis of Japanese women's hourly pay and employment patterns. It confirms many results from Western industrial countries but also indicates the important influence of Japan's unique family structure, the persistence of multigenerational households, on married women's employment patterns. Younger married women are more likely to take paid employment in such households, particularly on a full-time basis, than in nuclear family househol...
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作者：Idson, TL; Valletta, RG
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - San Francisco
摘要：We investigate the effect of tenure on employee retention under varying labor market conditions. Using a competing risks analysis of recall and new job acceptance applied to layoff unemployment spell data from waves 15 and 16 (1982-83) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find that adverse conditions (sectoral employment decline) significantly reduce the positive tenure effect on recall probabilities. This result is consistent with firm default on delayed payment contracts and does not ap...
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作者：Boeri, T
摘要：In recent years several models have been developed in an attempt to explain countercyclical movements of job turnover, the sum of gross job creation and destruction rates. However, only in the United States is a negative and statistically significant correlation between job turnover and employment growth actually observed. In the other countries studied, job turnover is either acyclical or mildly procyclical. Rather than being associated with the greater flexibility of the United States compar...
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作者：Carrington, WJ; McCue, K; Pierce, B
作者单位：United States Department of Labor
摘要：Self-employed workers are less likely to be affected by implicit contracts, efficiency wages, and other forces that mute wage cyclicality and exacerbate employment cyclicality. This observation motivates our comparison of the cyclical experience of the self-employed with ''wage and salary'' workers who clearly have an employer. We find negligible or small differences in annual hours cyclicality between the two groups, but hourly wages and annual earnings are much more cyclical for the self-emp...
